ArrayList动态扩容机制--源码解析
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/** * Default initial capacity. * 默认容量大小 */private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;/** * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances. * 空对象数组 */private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};/** * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when * first element is added. */private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};/** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. * 储存数据的数组 */transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access/** * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains). * ArrayList中元素的个数 * @serial */private int size;
首先我们通过一个具体的例子看一下ArrayList的扩容效果
查看源码可知,ArrayList通过一个elementData对象数组储存数据,也就是说ArrayList的容量就是该数组的长度。所以我们只要得到了elementData数组就可以知道ArrayList的实际容量。
由于elementData是私有的无法直接得到,但是我们可以通过反射的方式获取。
代码如下:
public static Integer getCapacity(ArrayList list) { Integer length = null; Class c = ((Object)list).getClass(); Field f; try { f = c.getDeclaredField("elementData"); f.setAccessible(true); Object[] o = (Object[]) f.get(list); length = o.length; } catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) { Logger.getLogger(CollectionDemo.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (SecurityException ex) { Logger.getLogger(CollectionDemo.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { Logger.getLogger(CollectionDemo.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { Logger.getLogger(CollectionDemo.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } return length; }
我们先看一下ArrayList的初始容量
ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<>(); Integer capacity = getCapacity(array);int size = array.size(); System.out.println("容量:"+capacity); System.out.println("大小:"+size); 容量:0大小:0
ArrayList一共有三种初始化方法
默认的构造器,将会以默认的大小来初始化内部的数组:public ArrayList();
用一个Collection对象来构造,并将该集合的元素添加到ArrayList:public ArrayList(Collection<?
extends E> c)用指定的大小来初始化内部的数组: public ArrayList(int initialCapacity)
源码如下:
/** * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. * * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity * is negative */public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } }/** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. */public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; }/** * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's * iterator. * * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null */public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // replace with empty array. this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } }
接下来,我们向ArrayList中添加一个元素
ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<>(); array.add(1); Integer capacity = getCapacity(array);int size = array.size(); System.out.println("容量:"+capacity); System.out.println("大小:"+size); 容量:10 默认容量大小 大小:1
向ArrayList中添加11个元素
ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < 11; i ++) { array.add(i); } Integer capacity = getCapacity(array);int size = array.size(); System.out.println("容量:"+capacity); System.out.println("大小:"+size); 容量:15大小:11
我们发现,当向array中添加11个元素之后,array的容量扩大到原来的1.5倍。
Why does it expansion 1.5 times?
具体为什么,下面我们看一下源码:
/** * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. * * @param e element to be appended to this list * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) */public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; }
add方法是通过在array的尾部追加元素的方法,添加数据的。其中,调用ensureCapacityInternal方法用来判断是否需要扩容.
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); }private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { modCount++; // 操作数 具体看博客 // overflow-conscious code if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity); }
参数传的是当前需要的最小容量,方法首先确认当前ArrayList实例是否为空,如果为空则比较所需容量和默认容量,取其大者作为所需最小容量值。然后执行ensureExplicitCapacity进一步确定容量,以及是否需要扩容。当所需最小容量大于当前elementData数组长度时,要进行扩容操作。
modCount是fail fast机制,不了解的可以暂时忽略这条语句,如果想了解可以看这里,如果minCapacity的值大于添加数据之前的大小,就调用grow方法,进行扩容,否则什么也不做。
发生扩容的条件:
根据传入的最小需要容量minCapacity来和数组的容量长度对比,若minCapactity大于或等于数组容量,则需要进行扩容。
(如果实际存储数组是空数组,则最小需要容量就是默认容量)
以上只是真实容量和所需容量的比较,其目的是计算出array的最终容量。真正实现扩容的方法是grow方法。下面具体来了解扩容机制的增长规则
/** * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument. * * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity */private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length; int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); }
这里传过来的minCapacity的值是array的size+1
添加一个元素,首先计算当前的array所需最小的容量大小,判断是否需要扩容等。
当需要扩容时:
得到当前的ArrayList的容量(oldCapacity)。
计算除扩容后的新容量(newCapacity),其值(oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >>1))约是oldCapacity 的1.5倍。
这里采用的是移位运算。为什么采用这种方法呢?应该是出于效率的考虑。
当newCapacity小于所需最小容量,那么将所需最小容量赋值给newCapacity。
newCapacity大于ArrayList的所允许的最大容量,处理。进行数据的复制,完成向ArrayList实例添加元素操作。
每次array的size到达当前的容量最大值后,再插入数据就会造成扩容。
作者:gyl_coder
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/86d06ebf4817