概述
对于二进制安装，优点是可以安装到任何路径下，灵活性好，一台服务器可以安装多个mysql。缺点是已经绎过编译，性能不如源码编译得好，不能灵活定制编译参数。如果用户即不想安装最简单却不够灵活的RPM包，又不想安装复杂费时的源码包，那么已编译好的二进制包将是最好的选择。
一.步骤1： 解压glib包
-- 在 /usr/local 下创建一个mysql文件夹，用来存放 [root@hsr local]# mkdir mysql [root@hsr local]# ls bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src -- 在原有/usr/tool目录将gz压缩包解压 [root@hsr tool]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisampack mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_client_test_embedded mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_config_editor ..... --将解压的文件复制到/usr/local/mysql目录下 [root@hsr tool]# sudo cp -r mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql --在mysql-->mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64路径下 解压的文件共9个 目录如下： [root@hsr mysql]# ls mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
注意：mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64目录层次要去掉，变为/usr/local/mysql 下的9个目录，在文章后面会去掉这层。
二. 步骤2：
2.1 添加mysql用户 useradd -r -g 用户名 用户组
[root@hsr mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@hsr mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
2.2 切换到 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，改变目录拥有者为mysql
[root@hsr mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
2.3 新环境安装libaio包 mysql 依赖于libaio
[root@hsr mysqld]# yum search libaio
三 步骤3：
安装mysql,使用 --initialize,basedir mysql基础目录,basedir mysql基础目录。
[root@hsr ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin [root@hsr bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 2018-08-23T06:56:21.157088Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2018-08-23T06:56:21.157246Z 0 [ERROR] Can't find error-message file '/usr/local/mysql/share/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive. 2018-08-23T06:56:26.287087Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2018-08-23T06:56:27.059913Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2018-08-23T06:56:27.138616Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a7e28575-a6a1-11e8-af13-000c29affb65. 2018-08-23T06:56:27.154064Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2018-08-23T06:56:27.155635Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ro0ssOGT?ocf
四步骤4：
4.1 创建RSA private key。
[root@hsr bin]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
4.2 修改当前目录拥有者为 root 用户,修改data 目录拥有者为 mysql
[root@hsr bin]# chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
五.步骤5 配置mysql(mysql.server)和my.cnf文件
--检查 etc/my.cnf文件是否存在 (二进制安装，默认配置文件在/etc/my.cnf) [root@hsr etc]# find -name my.cnf ./my.cnf --将support-files 目录下的mysql.server文件复制到etc/init.d下 [root@hsr ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files [root@hsr support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql -- 配置/etc/init.d/mysql服务文件 添加basedir和datadir [root@hsr support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql
修改my.cnf 配置以下四个参数(注意：chkconfig -- level 35 mysqld on 不要加上，后面报错，又得去掉)
六.步骤6 启动mysql
[root@hsr bin]# service mysql start /etc/init.d/mysql: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe) --提示未找到路径，需要把"mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64" 文件夹去掉,使用mv 将里面的文件移到/usr/locl/mysql下,共9个文件 [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/README /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/COPYING /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/man /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/include /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs /usr/local/mysql [root@hsr bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin /usr/local/mysql
-- 再启动 [root@hsr bin]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.2018-08-24T01:06:20.545225Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/hsr.pid). -- 提示/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 不存在， 打开my.cnf 能看到定义的默认路径 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --创建目录 给权限 [root@hsr bin]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb [root@hsr bin]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log [root@hsr bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/
-- 再启动 [root@hsr bin]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/hsr.pid). -- 错误信息是hsr.pid进程出问题，先查看下日志 [root@hsr ~]# cat /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
在my.cnf中注释上面参数(#chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on),再启动
上图意思是不能创建mysql.sock.lock 文件，一般是权限不足，如下设置好权限，启动成功
七 登录mysql
[root@hsr ~]# mysql -u root -p bash: mysql: 未找到命令
未找到命令,是由于系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，就会找不到命令，需要映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。
[root@hsr ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin [root@hsr ~]# mysql -u -root -p ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2) --错误信息是不能连接到本地的socket ，系统默认找到了/tmp目录下，需要设置链接文件 [root@hsr tmp]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@hsr ~]# mysql -u -root -p Enter password:
八. 设置密码
8.1 打开my.cnf文件,添加skip-grant-tables,来重置密码，如下所示
8.2 启动服务，再次登录，在输入密码处按回车键进入。
[root@hsr ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@hsr ~]# service mysql restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@hsr ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.23
8.3 进入mysql后，修改密码
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1退出mysql>quit; 编辑 my.cnf 注释掉#skip-grant-tables
8.4 重启mysql服务，输入修改后的密码(123456)进入
[root@hsr ~]# service mysql restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@hsr ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.23
九 远程登录
-- 登录到mysql后设置权限 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. -- 再设置密码 mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -- 设置权限 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) -- 刷新权限 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) -- 设置远程登录权限 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -- 在my.cnf中 添加端口,重启服务
-- 测试端口是否打开 [root@hsr ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp no -- 防火墙设置 [root@hsr ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent success -- 重新加载 [root@hsr ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success -- 再次测试端口 [root@hsr ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp yes
-- 在windows端拼通成功
--- 最后使用SQLyog连接成功
原文出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/MrHSR/p/9529870.html