XML 可扩展标记语言
xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议,跟json差不多,但json使用起来更简单, 不过,古时候,在json还没诞生的黑暗年代,大家只能选择用xml呀,至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下,就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <data> <country personinfo="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor personinfo="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor personinfo="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country personinfo="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor personinfo="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country personinfo="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor personinfo="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor personinfo="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country> </data>
xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的,在python中可以用以下模块操作xml
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET #导入模块别名为ET tree = ET.parse("xml-test.xml") #打开xml-test.xml文件 root = tree.getroot() print(root) #是一个内存地址 print(root.tag) #是xml文件的tag
#遍历xml文档 for child in root: print(child.tag,child.attrib,child.text) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text,i.attrib) #只遍历year节点 for node in root.iter("year"): print(node.tag,node.text) 修改和删除xml文档内容 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") root = tree.getroot() #修改 for node in root.iter('year'): #只遍历iter new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes") tree.write("xmltest.xml") #删除node for country in root.findall('country'): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write('output.xml')
自己创建xml文档
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET new_xml = ET.Element("personinfolist") #根节点 personinfo = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"personinfo",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) #new_xml子节点、节点名字、节点属性 name = ET.SubElement(personinfo,"name") name.text = "aaa li" age = ET.SubElement(personinfo,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) # sex = ET.SubElement(personinfo,"sex") age.text = '33' personinfo2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"personinfo",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) name2 = ET.SubElement(personinfo2,"name") name2.text = "aaa wang" age = ET.SubElement(personinfo2,"age") age.text = '19' et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True) ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <personinfolist> <personinfo enrolled="yes"> <name>aaa li</name> <age checked="no">33</age> <sex /> </personinfo> <personinfo enrolled="no"> <name>aaa wang</name> <age>19</age> </personinfo> </personinfolist>