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QQ音乐爬虫

摇曳的蔷薇
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脑海一直有个想法,想做一个音乐播放的小程序。奈何还只停留在脑海之中。音乐的数据的来源是个需要考虑的问题。之前用Nodejs爬取过酷狗音乐的歌曲,不过酷狗音乐的歌手下的单曲展示有数量上的限制(才有20首)。所以喵上了QQ音乐。QQ音乐和网易云音乐都是比较流行的播放的平台,不过你懂得(小程序)和QQ音乐都是同根生,或许兼容音乐格式会更好。QQ音乐的歌曲的格式是m4a。下面说说爬取音乐URL逻辑。

  • 1.在浏览器的地址栏上面打开下面的地址

    https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html#page=1&searchid=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.top&t=song&w=%E8%AE%B8%E5%B5%A9
    • 在搜索歌手的时候,最好先用QQ或者微信登录个人账号。QQ音乐可能会限制游客查看更多得到歌手信息。如果登录之后,再打开上面的地址,右键单击审查元素。如下图所示,先勾上红色箭头的勾,刷新,
      然后查看红色框框的请求资源地址:


      https://img.mukewang.com/5d32731100018fac05970295.jpg

      审查元素

    • 查看返回的json数据格式,上面的图是许嵩的,下面换了陈奕迅,其实数据格式是一样的,上面红色表示的数据的含义如图所示,其中list每次返回20首歌曲:


      https://img2.mukewang.com/5d3273140001ca3b06130517.jpg

      json数据格式

    • 我们获取上面的json的数据格式是为了获取json数据中的mid字段信息,这个字段是获取真实音乐地址的关键数据。mid处于data->song->list[i]->mid,如图所示,每一首歌都有自己的mid字段值:


      https://img.mukewang.com/5d3273180001785206290485.jpg

      mid字段

    • 其中w是搜索的歌手名字的urlencode后的字符串,其他的参数是固定的值。现在w关键参数是许嵩

  • 2.接下来我们要构造获取一个歌手的所有歌曲的mid值:

      https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=sizer.yqq.song_next&searchid=151387985106450562&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=4&n=20&w=%E9%99%88%E5%A5%95%E8%BF%85&g_tk=162512859&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8555&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0
    :authority:c.y.qq.com
    :method:GET
    :path:/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?  ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=sizer.yqq.song_next&searchid=151387985106450562&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=4&n=20&w=%E9%99%88%E5%A5%95%E8%BF%85&g_tk=162512859&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8555&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0:scheme:https
    accept:*/*
    accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, sdch, br
    accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
    cache-control:no-cache
    cookie:xxxxxxxx(这里可以直接复制浏览器中cookie值)
    pragma:no-cache
    referer:https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html
    user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36
      searchCallbacksong8555({code: 0,…})
    • 获取到的数据并不是json的格式,返回的是类似这种格式,所以我们要对前面的"searchCallbacksong8555(" 以及最后的 ")"进行剔除:

    • 其中我们要伪造浏览器请求头,QQ音乐会进行请求头检验

    • 比如陈奕迅的其中一页数据请求地址如下所示,其中w是歌手名字经过编码后的字符串,p表示第几页,n表示一次请求返回的歌曲数量,其他参数可以不变,对请求数据不影响:

https://img2.mukewang.com/5d32731d0001b8bf07150583.jpg

请求地址以及请求头

  • 3.获取到mid的值之后,便可以构造获取音乐url的地址:

      https://c.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid=001fFGq93gRrGf&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0
    • 其中需要伪造的请求头如下所示:

    • 音乐地址如下,其中songmid参数的值便是我们获取的mid值:

https://img1.mukewang.com/5d327321000153af07280590.jpg

音乐url请求头

  • 获取到的数据中的音乐地址如下,其中url就是我们需要的音乐地址:

getOneSongInfoCallback({  "code": 0,  "data": [
      {          "action": {              "alert": 100002,              "icons": 8060,              "msgdown": 0,              "msgfav": 0,              "msgid": 14,              "msgpay": 6,              "msgshare": 0,              "switch": 17413891
          },          "album": {              "id": 651899,              "mid": "003Xj8XB18Mhv2",              "name": "A Muso Duro",              "subtitle": "",              "time_public": "1979-01-01",              "title": "A Muso Duro"
          },          "bpm": 92,          "data_type": 0,          "file": {              "media_mid": "002TDCnP31VlKY",              "size_128mp3": 3156681,              "size_192aac": 3944375,              "size_192ogg": 4143166,              "size_24aac": 567922,              "size_320mp3": 7904241,              "size_48aac": 1008429,              "size_96aac": 1860828,              "size_ape": 0,              "size_dts": 0,              "size_flac": 0,              "size_try": 0,              "try_begin": 0,              "try_end": 0
          },          "fnote": 4009,          "genre": 1,          "id": 7152931,          "index_album": 3,          "index_cd": 0,          "interval": 197,          "isonly": 1,          "ksong": {              "id": 0,              "mid": ""
          },          "label": "4611686018427387904",          "language": 19,          "mid": "002TDCnP31VlKY",          "modify_stamp": 0,          "mv": {              "id": 0,              "name": "",              "title": "",              "vid": ""
          },          "name": "Non Finirà",          "pay": {              "pay_down": 1,              "pay_month": 1,              "pay_play": 0,              "pay_status": 0,              "price_album": 0,              "price_track": 200,              "time_free": 0
          },          "singer": [
              {                  "id": 3038,                  "mid": "000W9C4H0qCsUx",                  "name": "Pierangelo Bertoli",                  "title": "Pierangelo Bertoli",                  "type": 0,                  "uin": 0
              }
          ],          "status": 0,          "subtitle": "",          "time_public": "1979-01-01",          "title": "Non Finirà",          "trace": "",          "type": 0,          "url": "http://stream9.qqmusic.qq.com/19152931.wma",          "version": 0,          "volume": {              "gain": 1.8560,              "lra": 11.8830,              "peak": 0.8129999999999999
          }
      }
  ],  "url": {      "7152931": "ws.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C100002TDCnP31VlKY.m4a?fromtag=38"
  },  "url1": {
      
  },  "extra_data": [
      
  ],  "joox": 0,  "joox_login": 1,  "msgid": 0
})
  • 上面获取到的数据不是标准的json格式,所以要对json数据进行剔除多余的数值,下面给出响应的代码格式:

   self.dealJson(response,["^getOneSongInfoCallback\(","\)$"])   def dealJson(self,response,pattern):
      text=response.text
      text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text)
      text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text)
      jsonData=json.loads(text)      return jsonData
  • 3.获取歌曲的主要逻辑代码如下所示:

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom scrapy import Requestimport loggingimport jsonimport reimport urllib.parseimport urllib.requestfrom musicCrawl.items import MusiccrawlItemfrom . import getsingerclass requestUrlSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "requestUrl"
    allowed_domains = ["www.y.qq.com"]
    start_urls = ['http://www.y.qq.com/']
    headers={        ':authority':'c.y.qq.com',        ':method':'GET',        ':path':'/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=54134794373394557&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=1&n=20&w=%E8%B5%B5%E9%9B%B7&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong4621&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0',        ':scheme':'https',        'accept':'*/*',        'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',        'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',        'cache-control':'no-cache',        'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; pgv_pvid=4700237117; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; yq_index=0; pgv_si=s1229479936; ts_last=y.qq.com/portal/search.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0',        'pragma':'no-cache',        'referer':'https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html',        'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'
    }
    reqHeader={        ':authority':'c.y.qq.com',        ':method':'GET',        ':path':'/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid=001bhwUC1gE6ep&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0',        ':scheme':'https',        'accept':'*/*',        'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',        'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',        'cache-control':'no-cache',        'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; pgv_pvid=4700237117; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; pgv_si=s1229479936; yq_playdata=s; yq_playschange=0; yq_index=3; qqmusic_fromtag=66; player_exist=1; yplayer_open=0; ts_last=y.qq.com/n/yqq/song/001bhwUC1gE6ep.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0',        'pragma':'no-cache',        'referer':'https://y.qq.com/n/yqq/song/001bhwUC1gE6ep.html',        'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'
    }
    url="https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=56365046261055832&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=1&n=50&w={singer}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong412&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0"
    allUrl="https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=63213556368351152&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p={page}&n=164&w={singer}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8887&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0"
    singerName=[]    def start_requests(self):
      # 从mongoDB数据库里面获取已经爬取好的歌手名字
        getObj=getsinger.getsinger("mongouri","dbname","user","pass")
        getObj.connect()
        datalist=getObj.finddata()
        datalist=list(datalist)        for i in range(len(datalist)):
            self.singerName.append(datalist[i]["singerName"])        for i in range(len(self.singerName)):
            singer=urllib.parse.quote(self.singerName[i])            yield Request(url=self.url.format(singer=singer),headers=self.headers,callback=self.songCount,dont_filter=True)# 解释获取歌手每一首歌的mid值
    def parse(self, response):
        jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^searchCallbacksong\d{0,}\(","\)$"])
        songDetail=jsonData["data"]["song"]
        length=len(songDetail["list"])        for i in range(length):
            action=songDetail["list"][i]
            songmid=action["mid"]
            musicUrl="https://c.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid={mid}&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0"
            yield Request(url=musicUrl.format(mid=songmid),headers=self.reqHeader,callback=self.parse_music,dont_filter=True)# 提取音乐地址函数
    def parse_music(self,response):
        jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^getOneSongInfoCallback\(","\)$"])
        musicList=jsonData["data"][0]
        musicName=musicList["name"]
        musicUrl=jsonData["url"]        for key,val in musicUrl.items():
            item=MusiccrawlItem()
            item["name"]=musicName
            item["url"]="http://"+val            yield item    def dealJson(self,response,pattern):
        text=response.text
        text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text)
        text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text)
        jsonData=json.loads(text)        return jsonData    def songCount(self,response):
        numData=response
        numData=self.dealJson(numData,["^searchCallbacksong\d{0,}\(","\)$"])
        condition=numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]%20
        if condition==0:
            pageNum=numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]//20
        pageNum=(numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]//20)+1
        for j in range(len(self.singerName)):            for i in range(pageNum):
                singer=urllib.parse.quote(self.singerName[j])                yield Request(url=self.allUrl.format(page=i,singer=singer),headers=self.headers,callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True)
  • 4.关于获取所有歌手的名字如下所示:

    import scrapy
    from scrapy import Request
    import logging
    import re
    import json
    from musicCrawl.items import singerItemclass requestNameSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = "requestName"
        allowed_domains = ["www.y.qq.com"]
        url="https://shc.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/v8.fcg?  channel=singer&page=list&key=all_all_all&pagesize=100&pagenum={pagenum}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=GetSingerListCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0"
      headers={      ':authority':'shc.y.qq.com',      ':method':'GET',      ':path':'/v8/fcg-bin/v8.fcg?channel=singer&page=list&key=all_all_all&pagesize=100&pagenum=1&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=GetSingerListCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8&notice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0',      ':scheme':'https',      'accept':'*/*',      'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',      'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',      'cache-control':'no-cache',      'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; yq_index=0; tvfe_boss_uuid=6e9af09cbb0ea51c; pgv_pvid=4700237117; o_cookie=1482816494; pgv_si=s7529175040; ts_last=y.qq.com/portal/singer_list.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0',      'pragma':'no-cache',      'referer':'https://y.qq.com/portal/singer_list.html',      'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'
      }  def start_requests(self):      yield Request(url=self.url.format(pagenum=1),headers=self.headers,callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True)  def parse(self, response):
          jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^ GetSingerListCallback\(","\)$"])
          totalPage=jsonData["data"]["total_page"]      for i in range(totalPage):          yield Request(url=self.url.format(pagenum=i),headers=self.headers,callback=self.insertSinger,dont_filter=True)  def insertSinger(self,response):      # 第一个pattern前面有一个空格
          jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^ GetSingerListCallback\(","\)$"])
          singerList=jsonData["data"]["list"]      for i in range(len(singerList)):
              item=singerItem()
              item["singerName"]=singerList[i]["Fsinger_name"]
              item["singer_mid"]=singerList[i]["Fsinger_mid"]          yield item  def dealJson(self,response,pattern):
          text=response.text
          text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text)
          text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text)
          jsonData=json.loads(text)      return jsonData

如果获取详细代码可以直接访问 QQMusicCrawler,README有详细的使用说明。



作者:Evtion
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/72b4222fadf5


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