脑海一直有个想法,想做一个音乐播放的小程序。奈何还只停留在脑海之中。音乐的数据的来源是个需要考虑的问题。之前用Nodejs爬取过酷狗音乐的歌曲,不过酷狗音乐的歌手下的单曲展示有数量上的限制(才有20首)。所以喵上了QQ音乐。QQ音乐和网易云音乐都是比较流行的播放的平台,不过你懂得(小程序)和QQ音乐都是同根生,或许兼容音乐格式会更好。QQ音乐的歌曲的格式是m4a。下面说说爬取音乐URL逻辑。
1.在浏览器的地址栏上面打开下面的地址
https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html#page=1&searchid=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.top&t=song&w=%E8%AE%B8%E5%B5%A9
在搜索歌手的时候,最好先用QQ或者微信登录个人账号。QQ音乐可能会限制游客查看更多得到歌手信息。如果登录之后,再打开上面的地址,右键单击审查元素。如下图所示,先勾上红色箭头的勾,刷新,
然后查看红色框框的请求资源地址:审查元素
查看返回的json数据格式,上面的图是许嵩的,下面换了陈奕迅,其实数据格式是一样的,上面红色表示的数据的含义如图所示,其中list每次返回20首歌曲:
json数据格式
我们获取上面的json的数据格式是为了获取json数据中的mid字段信息,这个字段是获取真实音乐地址的关键数据。mid处于data->song->list[i]->mid,如图所示,每一首歌都有自己的mid字段值:
mid字段
其中w是搜索的歌手名字的urlencode后的字符串,其他的参数是固定的值。现在w关键参数是许嵩
2.接下来我们要构造获取一个歌手的所有歌曲的mid值:
https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=sizer.yqq.song_next&searchid=151387985106450562&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=4&n=20&w=%E9%99%88%E5%A5%95%E8%BF%85&g_tk=162512859&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8555&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0
:authority:c.y.qq.com :method:GET :path:/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp? ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=sizer.yqq.song_next&searchid=151387985106450562&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=4&n=20&w=%E9%99%88%E5%A5%95%E8%BF%85&g_tk=162512859&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8555&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0:scheme:https accept:*/* accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, sdch, br accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 cache-control:no-cache cookie:xxxxxxxx(这里可以直接复制浏览器中cookie值) pragma:no-cache referer:https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36
searchCallbacksong8555({code: 0,…})
获取到的数据并不是json的格式,返回的是类似这种格式,所以我们要对前面的"searchCallbacksong8555(" 以及最后的 ")"进行剔除:
其中我们要伪造浏览器请求头,QQ音乐会进行请求头检验
比如陈奕迅的其中一页数据请求地址如下所示,其中w是歌手名字经过编码后的字符串,p表示第几页,n表示一次请求返回的歌曲数量,其他参数可以不变,对请求数据不影响:
请求地址以及请求头
3.获取到mid的值之后,便可以构造获取音乐url的地址:
https://c.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid=001fFGq93gRrGf&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0
其中需要伪造的请求头如下所示:
音乐地址如下,其中songmid参数的值便是我们获取的mid值:
音乐url请求头
获取到的数据中的音乐地址如下,其中url就是我们需要的音乐地址:
getOneSongInfoCallback({ "code": 0, "data": [ { "action": { "alert": 100002, "icons": 8060, "msgdown": 0, "msgfav": 0, "msgid": 14, "msgpay": 6, "msgshare": 0, "switch": 17413891 }, "album": { "id": 651899, "mid": "003Xj8XB18Mhv2", "name": "A Muso Duro", "subtitle": "", "time_public": "1979-01-01", "title": "A Muso Duro" }, "bpm": 92, "data_type": 0, "file": { "media_mid": "002TDCnP31VlKY", "size_128mp3": 3156681, "size_192aac": 3944375, "size_192ogg": 4143166, "size_24aac": 567922, "size_320mp3": 7904241, "size_48aac": 1008429, "size_96aac": 1860828, "size_ape": 0, "size_dts": 0, "size_flac": 0, "size_try": 0, "try_begin": 0, "try_end": 0 }, "fnote": 4009, "genre": 1, "id": 7152931, "index_album": 3, "index_cd": 0, "interval": 197, "isonly": 1, "ksong": { "id": 0, "mid": "" }, "label": "4611686018427387904", "language": 19, "mid": "002TDCnP31VlKY", "modify_stamp": 0, "mv": { "id": 0, "name": "", "title": "", "vid": "" }, "name": "Non Finirà", "pay": { "pay_down": 1, "pay_month": 1, "pay_play": 0, "pay_status": 0, "price_album": 0, "price_track": 200, "time_free": 0 }, "singer": [ { "id": 3038, "mid": "000W9C4H0qCsUx", "name": "Pierangelo Bertoli", "title": "Pierangelo Bertoli", "type": 0, "uin": 0 } ], "status": 0, "subtitle": "", "time_public": "1979-01-01", "title": "Non Finirà", "trace": "", "type": 0, "url": "http://stream9.qqmusic.qq.com/19152931.wma", "version": 0, "volume": { "gain": 1.8560, "lra": 11.8830, "peak": 0.8129999999999999 } } ], "url": { "7152931": "ws.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C100002TDCnP31VlKY.m4a?fromtag=38" }, "url1": { }, "extra_data": [ ], "joox": 0, "joox_login": 1, "msgid": 0 })
上面获取到的数据不是标准的json格式,所以要对json数据进行剔除多余的数值,下面给出响应的代码格式:
self.dealJson(response,["^getOneSongInfoCallback\(","\)$"]) def dealJson(self,response,pattern): text=response.text text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text) text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text) jsonData=json.loads(text) return jsonData
3.获取歌曲的主要逻辑代码如下所示:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom scrapy import Requestimport loggingimport jsonimport reimport urllib.parseimport urllib.requestfrom musicCrawl.items import MusiccrawlItemfrom . import getsingerclass requestUrlSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "requestUrl" allowed_domains = ["www.y.qq.com"] start_urls = ['http://www.y.qq.com/'] headers={ ':authority':'c.y.qq.com', ':method':'GET', ':path':'/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=54134794373394557&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=1&n=20&w=%E8%B5%B5%E9%9B%B7&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong4621&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0', ':scheme':'https', 'accept':'*/*', 'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'cache-control':'no-cache', 'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; pgv_pvid=4700237117; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; yq_index=0; pgv_si=s1229479936; ts_last=y.qq.com/portal/search.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0', 'pragma':'no-cache', 'referer':'https://y.qq.com/portal/search.html', 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36' } reqHeader={ ':authority':'c.y.qq.com', ':method':'GET', ':path':'/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid=001bhwUC1gE6ep&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0', ':scheme':'https', 'accept':'*/*', 'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'cache-control':'no-cache', 'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; pgv_pvid=4700237117; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; pgv_si=s1229479936; yq_playdata=s; yq_playschange=0; yq_index=3; qqmusic_fromtag=66; player_exist=1; yplayer_open=0; ts_last=y.qq.com/n/yqq/song/001bhwUC1gE6ep.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0', 'pragma':'no-cache', 'referer':'https://y.qq.com/n/yqq/song/001bhwUC1gE6ep.html', 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36' } url="https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=56365046261055832&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p=1&n=50&w={singer}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong412&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0" allUrl="https://c.y.qq.com/soso/fcgi-bin/client_search_cp?ct=24&qqmusic_ver=1298&new_json=1&remoteplace=txt.yqq.song&searchid=63213556368351152&t=0&aggr=1&cr=1&catZhida=1&lossless=0&flag_qc=0&p={page}&n=164&w={singer}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=searchCallbacksong8887&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0" singerName=[] def start_requests(self): # 从mongoDB数据库里面获取已经爬取好的歌手名字 getObj=getsinger.getsinger("mongouri","dbname","user","pass") getObj.connect() datalist=getObj.finddata() datalist=list(datalist) for i in range(len(datalist)): self.singerName.append(datalist[i]["singerName"]) for i in range(len(self.singerName)): singer=urllib.parse.quote(self.singerName[i]) yield Request(url=self.url.format(singer=singer),headers=self.headers,callback=self.songCount,dont_filter=True)# 解释获取歌手每一首歌的mid值 def parse(self, response): jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^searchCallbacksong\d{0,}\(","\)$"]) songDetail=jsonData["data"]["song"] length=len(songDetail["list"]) for i in range(length): action=songDetail["list"][i] songmid=action["mid"] musicUrl="https://c.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/fcg_play_single_song.fcg?songmid={mid}&tpl=yqq_song_detail&format=jsonp&callback=getOneSongInfoCallback&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=getOneSongInfoCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0" yield Request(url=musicUrl.format(mid=songmid),headers=self.reqHeader,callback=self.parse_music,dont_filter=True)# 提取音乐地址函数 def parse_music(self,response): jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^getOneSongInfoCallback\(","\)$"]) musicList=jsonData["data"][0] musicName=musicList["name"] musicUrl=jsonData["url"] for key,val in musicUrl.items(): item=MusiccrawlItem() item["name"]=musicName item["url"]="http://"+val yield item def dealJson(self,response,pattern): text=response.text text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text) text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text) jsonData=json.loads(text) return jsonData def songCount(self,response): numData=response numData=self.dealJson(numData,["^searchCallbacksong\d{0,}\(","\)$"]) condition=numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]%20 if condition==0: pageNum=numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]//20 pageNum=(numData["data"]["song"]["totalnum"]//20)+1 for j in range(len(self.singerName)): for i in range(pageNum): singer=urllib.parse.quote(self.singerName[j]) yield Request(url=self.allUrl.format(page=i,singer=singer),headers=self.headers,callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True)
4.关于获取所有歌手的名字如下所示:
import scrapy from scrapy import Request import logging import re import json from musicCrawl.items import singerItemclass requestNameSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "requestName" allowed_domains = ["www.y.qq.com"] url="https://shc.y.qq.com/v8/fcg-bin/v8.fcg? channel=singer&page=list&key=all_all_all&pagesize=100&pagenum={pagenum}&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=GetSingerListCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0" headers={ ':authority':'shc.y.qq.com', ':method':'GET', ':path':'/v8/fcg-bin/v8.fcg?channel=singer&page=list&key=all_all_all&pagesize=100&pagenum=1&g_tk=5381&jsonpCallback=GetSingerListCallback&loginUin=0&hostUin=0&format=jsonp&inCharset=utf8&outCharset=utf-8¬ice=0&platform=yqq&needNewCode=0', ':scheme':'https', 'accept':'*/*', 'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'cache-control':'no-cache', 'cookie':'pgv_pvi=2539236352; RK=E/NGWlYOOU; ptui_loginuin=1482816494; ptcz=0ed94d9b03e410a4a4d523a936e1de8f739a265f19407322ac522dc4402dd9f8; pt2gguin=o1482816494; yq_index=0; tvfe_boss_uuid=6e9af09cbb0ea51c; pgv_pvid=4700237117; o_cookie=1482816494; pgv_si=s7529175040; ts_last=y.qq.com/portal/singer_list.html; ts_uid=7066888440; yqq_stat=0', 'pragma':'no-cache', 'referer':'https://y.qq.com/portal/singer_list.html', 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36' } def start_requests(self): yield Request(url=self.url.format(pagenum=1),headers=self.headers,callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True) def parse(self, response): jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^ GetSingerListCallback\(","\)$"]) totalPage=jsonData["data"]["total_page"] for i in range(totalPage): yield Request(url=self.url.format(pagenum=i),headers=self.headers,callback=self.insertSinger,dont_filter=True) def insertSinger(self,response): # 第一个pattern前面有一个空格 jsonData=self.dealJson(response,["^ GetSingerListCallback\(","\)$"]) singerList=jsonData["data"]["list"] for i in range(len(singerList)): item=singerItem() item["singerName"]=singerList[i]["Fsinger_name"] item["singer_mid"]=singerList[i]["Fsinger_mid"] yield item def dealJson(self,response,pattern): text=response.text text=re.sub(pattern[0],'',text) text=re.sub(pattern[1],'',text) jsonData=json.loads(text) return jsonData
从web地址https://y.qq.com/portal/singer_list.html下面获取歌手信息的请求,如图所示:
歌手请求头以及请求地址
歌手数据
获取歌手名字详细代码:
如果获取详细代码可以直接访问 QQMusicCrawler,README有详细的使用说明。
作者:Evtion
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/72b4222fadf5