Hbase介绍
HBase是一个开源的非关系型分布式数据库（NoSQL），它参考了谷歌的BigTable建模，实现的编程语言为 Java。它是Apache软件基金会的Hadoop项目的一部分，运行于HDFS文件系统之上，为 Hadoop 提供类似于BigTable 规模的服务。因此，它可以容错地存储海量稀疏的数据。
Hbase安装
安装环境
三台虚拟机：master、slave1、slave2，
已经安装好Hadoop环境和zookeeper
下载Hbase安装包，根据你自己的需求下载对应的安装包
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz
也可以直接去镜像网站下载，地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/
下载好后，解压安装包
tar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz
添加Hbase的环境变量
//打开~/.bashrc文件 vim ~/.bashrc //然后在里边追加两行export HBASE_HOME=/usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2export PATH=$PATH:$HBASE_HOME/bin //然后保存退出，source一下source ~/.bashrc
配置Hbase
打开Hbase目录下conf/hbase-env.sh（如果没有新建一个）
vim conf/hbase-env.sh//添加下边两个配置export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/src/jdk1.8.0_171 //java homeexport HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false //是否使用自带的zookeeper，自己有安装的话就用自己的，没有就用自带的
配置hbase-site.xml文件
vim conf/hbase-site.xml //添加如下配置<configuration> <property> <name>hbase.rootdir</name> <value>hdfs://master:9000/hbase</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name> <value>true</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>master,slave1,slave2</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>2</value> </property></configuration>
修改regionservers文件
vim conf/regionservers//添加需要安装regionserver的机器节点slave1 slave2
到这里Hbase简单的环境就搭建好了
Hbase的启动
启动Hbase需要首先启动Hadoop和zookeeper
启动Hadoop
master机器节点
//进入到Hadoop目录的sbin下./start-all.sh
查看Hadoop是不是启动成功
master机器节点，jps查看进程看到图中进程说明成功启动
image.png
slave机器节点，jps查看
image.png
Zookeeper启动
master和slave节点都执行，进入zookeeper安装目录bin目录下
zkServer.sh start
然后jps查看进程，能看到QuorumPeerMain说明Zookeeper启动成功
image.png
image.png
启动Hbase
在Hadoop和Zookeeper都启动之后就可以启动Hbase了，进入Hbase的安装目录的bin目录下
./start-hbase.sh
jps查看进程，在master能看到Hmaster进程，在slave节点能看到HRegionServer进程，说明Hbase启动成功
image.png
也可以通过网址来检查，http://master:60010/master-status
Hbase简单的shell命令操作
进入shell命令模式，在bin目录下执行
./hbase shellhbase(main):001:0>
查看当前所有表
hbase(main):003:0> list TABLE 0 row(s) in 0.1510 seconds => []
创建表
hbase(main):006:0> create 'test_table' , 'mate_data', 'action'0 row(s) in 2.4390 seconds => Hbase::Table - test_table
查看表详情
hbase(main):009:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED
test_table
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_EN
CODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK
_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536
', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds增加列簇
hbase(main):010:0> alter 'test_table', {NAME => 'new', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'true'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...0/1 regions updated.1/1 regions updated.
Done.0 row(s) in 2.2790 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED
test_table
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_EN
CODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK
_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536
', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'new', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'true', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODI
NG => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPL
ICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
3 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds删除列簇
hbase(main):013:0> alter 'test_table', {NAME => 'new', METHOD => 'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...0/1 regions updated.1/1 regions updated.
Done.0 row(s) in 2.2390 seconds
hbase(main):014:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED
test_table
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_EN
CODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK
_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536
', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds删除表
//首先disablehbase(main):016:0> disable 'test_table'0 row(s) in 1.2980 seconds//然后再删除hbase(main):017:0> drop 'test_table'0 row(s) in 0.2020 seconds//查看是否删除hbase(main):018:0> list TABLE 0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds => []
往表里写数据并查看
hbase(main):021:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name', 'zhangsan'0 row(s) in 0.1400 secondshbase(main):022:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:name', 'lisi'0 row(s) in 0.0110 secondshbase(main):023:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:gender', 'woman'0 row(s) in 0.0170 secondshbase(main):024:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:age', '25'0 row(s) in 0.0140 secondshbase(main):025:0> scan 'test_table'ROW COLUMN+CELL 1001 column=mate_data:gender, timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman 1001 column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan 1002 column=mate_data:age, timestamp=1540034603800, value=25 1002 column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034519659, value=lisi 2 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds
读取数据
hbase(main):026:0> get 'test_table', '1001'COLUMN CELL mate_data:gender timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman mate_data:name timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan 2 row(s) in 0.0340 secondshbase(main):027:0> get 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name'COLUMN CELL mate_data:name timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan 1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
查看行数
hbase(main):028:0> count 'test_table'2 row(s) in 0.0390 seconds => 2
清空表数据
hbase(main):029:0> truncate 'test_table'Truncating 'test_table' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Truncating table...0 row(s) in 1.5220 seconds
通过Python脚本来操作Hbase
不能通过Python脚本来直接操作Hbase，必须要借助thrift服务作为中间层，所以需要两个Python模块：hbase模块和thrift模块，和安装thrift来实现Python对Hbase的操作
安装thrift并获得thrift模块
下载安装thrift
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/thrift/0.11.0/thrift-0.11.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf thrift-0.11.0.tar.gzcd thrift-0.11.0/ ./configure make make installcd lib/py/build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
然后就能看到thrift模块
获得hbase模块
下载Hbase源码包
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gz tar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gz
产生hbase模块
//进入该目录cd /usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24/hbase-thrift/src/main/resources/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/thrift //执行如下命令，产生gen-py目录 thrift --gen py Hbase.thrift //进入该目录就能得到生成的hbase模块cd gen-py
使用Python写数据
创建表
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *
transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)
transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
client = Hbase.Client(protocol)
transport.open()
base_info_contents = ColumnDescriptor(name='columnName1', maxVersions=1)
other_info_contents = ColumnDescriptor(name='columnName2', maxVersions=1)
client.createTable('tableName', [base_info_contents,other_info_contents])插入数据
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *
transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)
transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
client = Hbase.Client(protocol)
transport.open()
table_name = 'tableName'rowKey = 'rowKeyName'mutations = [Mutation(column="columnName:columnPro", value="valueName")]
client.mutateRow(table_name,rowKey,mutations,None)查看数据
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *
transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)
transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
client = Hbase.Client(protocol)
transport.open()
table_name = 'tableName'rowKey = 'rowKeyName'result = client.getRow(table_name,rowKey,None)for l in result: print "the row is "+ l.row for k,v in l.columns.items(): print '\t'.join([k,v.value])from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *
transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)
transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
client = Hbase.Client(protocol)
transport.open()
table_name = 'tableName'scan = TScan()
id = client.scannerOpenWithScan(table_name,scan,None)
result = client.scannerGetList(id,10)for l in result: print "========="
print "the row is "+ l.row for k,v in l.columns.items(): print '\t'.join([k,v.value])
作者：KEEPINUP
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/ef9f00075a58