手记

纯 CSS 动画 之 学习笔记

野生安乃近
2018-03-16 11:53:01浏览 3815
前言：对于 纯 css 实现的一些动画效果中或者说 在拿到设计师的设计效果图，实际上就是对 图形(前端默认的图型就是 矩形)的 分割与重组上，再给这些图形加上 旋转，变换这些属性。
// 在面对动画设计图时，有个思路就是： 将设计图 拆解成多个小的矩形(拆解期间不用管设计图中的圆角还是扇形或其它不规则的图形，把每个不规则图形都划分到一个矩形中即可，因为前端基本的图形就是矩形，也都是由矩形变化而来的。)
// 同一种动画效果有多种方式实现，选个适合自己就行
// note： 在下面的实现效果中，我会保留各种不同的元素背景色，是为了方便同学们 能够快速的看出 动画效果实现 的 基本组合的图形

-旋转的圆-小伙伴们可以直接点击 运行代码，查看效果！！！

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
        }

        .rotate-circle {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 51px;
            height: 51px;
            border-radius: 50%;
        }

        .rotate-y-circle {
            /* background-color: brown; */
            background: linear-gradient(left top, yellow, blue);
            background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, yellow, blue);
            background: -moz-linear-gradient(left top, yellow, blue);
            background: -o-linear-gradient(left top, yellow, blue);
            animation: y-circle 2.4s cubic-bezier(0, 0.2, 0.8, 1) infinite;
        }

        @keyframes y-circle {
            0%,
            100% {
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 1, 0.5);
            }
            0% {
                transform: rotateY(0deg);
            }
            50% {
                transform: rotateY(1800deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0.5, 0.5, 1);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotateY(3600deg);
            }
        }

        .rotate-x-circle {
            /* background-color: brown; */
            background: linear-gradient(right bottom, yellow, pink);
            background: -webkit-linear-gradient(right bottom, yellow, pink);
            background: -moz-linear-gradient(right bottom, yellow, pink);
            background: -o-linear-gradient(right bottom, yellow, pink);
            animation: x-circle 2.4s cubic-bezier(0, 0.2, 0.8, 1) infinite;
        }

        @keyframes x-circle {
            0%,
            100% {
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 1, 0.5);
            }
            0% {
                transform: rotateX(0deg);
            }
            50% {
                transform: rotateX(1800deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0.5, 0.5, 1);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotateX(3600deg);
            }
        }

        .rotate-z-circle {
            /* background-color: brown; */
            background: linear-gradient(left top, blue, yellow);
            background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, blue, yellow);
            background: -moz-linear-gradient(left top, blue, yellow);
            background: -o-linear-gradient(left top, blue, yellow);
            animation: z-circle 2.4s cubic-bezier(0, 0.2, 0.8, 1) infinite;
        }

        @keyframes z-circle {
            0%,
            100% {
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 1, 0.5);
            }
            0% {
                transform: rotateZ(0deg);
            }
            50% {
                transform: rotateZ(1800deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0.5, 0.5, 1);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotateZ(3600deg);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="rotate-circle rotate-y-circle"></div>
        <div class="rotate-circle rotate-x-circle"></div>
        <div class="rotate-circle rotate-z-circle"></div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面的代码里，用到了 animation ，transform ，还有 linear-gradient() 线性渐变, 关于 cubic-bizer 三次贝塞尔曲线，看下图（Chrome中可以手动调试看效果） 欢迎小伙伴们在此基础上更改代码，来实现更美丽的效果。

-旋转圆环--直接运行代码查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
        }

        .dual-ring  {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            background-color: #f3ceb7;
        }

        .dual-ring:after {
            content: '';
            display: block;
            width: 46px;
            height: 46px;
            margin: 4px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            border: 5px solid #fff;
            border-color: #fff transparent #fff transparent;
            background-color: brown;
            animation: dual-ring 1.2s linear infinite;
        }

        @keyframes dual-ring {
            0% {
                transform: rotate(0deg);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotate(360deg);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="dual-ring"></div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面主要巧用了 border 属性

-旋转糖果-----直接运行查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
            background-color: #fff;
            opacity: 0.5;
        }

        .candy {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            background-color: #f3ceb7;
        }

        .candy:after {
            content: '';
            display: block;
            width: 30px;
            height: 30px;
            margin: 2px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            border: 15px solid #fff;
            border-color: #f3ceb7 transparent #f3ceb7 transparent;
            background-color: brown;
            animation: candy 1.2s linear infinite;
        }

        @keyframes candy {
            0% {
                transform: rotate(0deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19);
            }
            50% {
                transform: rotate(900deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotate(360deg);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="candy"></div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面 主要巧用了 border 与 width height 共存的原理

-旋转沙漏---直接运行查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
            background-color: darkgreen;
            opacity: 0.5;
        }

        .hourglass {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            /* background-color: #f3ceb7; */
        }

        .hourglass:after {
            content: '';
            display: block;
            width: 0px;
            height: 0px;
            margin: 2px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            border: 30px solid #fff;
            border-color: #fff transparent #fff transparent;
            /* background-color: brown; */
            animation: hourglass 1.2s linear infinite;
        }

        @keyframes hourglass {
            0% {
                transform: rotate(0deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19);
            }
            50% {
                transform: rotate(900deg);
                animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotate(360deg);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="hourglass"></div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面 主要巧用了 border有值，而width height 为0，显示为下图（将border 四边 进行颜色 设置，即可出现不同效果），

-圆点循环---直接运行查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
            background-color: darkgreen;
            opacity: 0.5;
        }

        .default {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            /* background-color: springgreen; */
            position: relative;
        }

        .default div {
            width: 5px;
            height: 5px;
            background-color: #dfc;
            position: absolute;
            border-radius: 50%;
            animation: default 1.2s linear infinite;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(1) {
            animation-delay: 0s;
            top: 29px;
            left: 53px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(2) {
            animation-delay: -0.1s;
            top: 18px;
            left: 50px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(3) {
            animation-delay: -0.2s;
            top: 9px;
            left: 41px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(4) {
            animation-delay: -0.3s;
            top: 6px;
            left: 29px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(5) {
            animation-delay: -0.4s;
            top: 9px;
            left: 18px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(6) {
            animation-delay: -0.5s;
            top: 18px;
            left: 9px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(7) {
            animation-delay: -0.6s;
            top: 29px;
            left: 6px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(8) {
            animation-delay: -0.7s;
            top: 41px;
            left: 9px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(9) {
            animation-delay: -0.8s;
            top: 50px;
            left: 18px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(10) {
            animation-delay: -0.9s;
            top: 53px;
            left: 29px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(11) {
            animation-delay: -1s;
            top: 50px;
            left: 41px;
        }

        .default div:nth-child(12) {
            animation-delay: -1.1s;
            top: 41px;
            left: 50px;
        }

        @keyframes default {
            0%,
            20%,
            80%,
            100% {
                transform: scale(1);
            }
            50% {
                transform: scale(1.5);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="default">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面实现中，先 实现小圆点，利用 position 将其 围绕成一个 圆，然后 轮流缩放 每个小圆点（重点：利用 animation-delay 属性）

-心跳---直接运行查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
            background-color: #5f965f;
            opacity: 0.5;
        }

        .heart {
            display: inline-block;
            position: relative;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            transform: rotate(45deg);
            transform-origin: 32px 32px; /*设置元素旋转的基点 x轴 y 轴*/
            background-color: aliceblue;
        }

        .heart div {
            top: 24px;
            left: 24px;
            position: absolute;
            width: 26px;
            height: 26px;
            background-color: red;
            animation: heart 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1) infinite;
        }

        .heart div::after,
        .heart div::before {
            content: "";
            width: 26px;
            height: 26px;
            /* background-color: blue; */
            position: absolute;
        }

        .heart div::before {
            left: -17px;
            border-radius: 50% 0 0 50%;
            background-color: blue;
        }

        .heart div::after {
            top: -17px;
            border-radius: 50% 50% 0 0;
            background-color: black;
        }

        @keyframes heart {
            0% {
                transform: scale(0.95);
            }
            5% {
                transform: scale(1.1);
            }
            39% {
                transform: scale(0.85);
            }
            45% {
                transform: scale(1);
            }
            60% {
                transform: scale(0.95);
            }
            100% {
                transform: scale(0.9);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="heart">
            <div></div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

在上面的运行效果中，保留了许多不同的背景色，是为了方便大家能够快速看出动画组成的 各个部件实现方式

-加载圆---直接运行查看效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>pureCss</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .wrapper {
            width: 250px;
            height: 250px;
            border: 1px solid lightgray;
            margin-top: 20%;
            margin-left: 20%;
            padding-top: 20%;
            padding-left: 20%;
            background-color: #5f965f;
            opacity: 0.5;
        }

        .lds-ring {
            display: inline-block;
            position: relative;
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            /* background-color: red; */
        }

        .lds-ring div {
            display: block;
            position: absolute;
            width: 51px;
            height: 51px;
            margin: 6px;
            border: 6px solid #dfc;
            border-radius: 50%;
            animation: lds-ring 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.5, 1) infinite;
            /* border-color: #dfc transparent transparent transparent; */
        }

        .lds-ring div:nth-child(1) {
            animation-delay: -0.45s;
            border-color: yellow transparent transparent transparent;
        }

        .lds-ring div:nth-child(2) {
            animation-delay: -0.3s;
            border-color: blue transparent transparent transparent;
        }

        .lds-ring div:nth-child(3) {
            animation-delay: -0.15s;
            border-color: black transparent transparent transparent;
        }

        .lds-ring div:nth-child(4) {
            border-color: red transparent transparent transparent;
        }

        @keyframes lds-ring {
            0% {
                transform: rotate(0deg);
            }
            100% {
                transform: rotate(360deg);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
        <div class="lds-ring">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</body>

</html>

上面 主要使用了 animation-delay 属性，来 旋转每个 小圆环实现 效果

写在最后： 

 三步走：
    a. 看轨迹 =====>    b. 拆形态 ======>    c. 再补妆
    /**/
    看轨迹：仔细查看设计图动画的运动轨迹（运动规律周期性循环往复的）
    拆形态：运动轨迹每一步下的形态变化（形状，颜色等等）
    注意： 有时真实的运动形态变化可能与你所看到的是相反的，所以，当效果不理想时，不妨  反向 试一下！！！
    再补妆：通过以上两步后，有了大概的模效后，再进行平和处理（添加动画帧数，运动时间的控制等使其运动的更加平滑）
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