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基于多数据源零代码同时生成多个数据库CRUD增删改查RESTful API接口

crudapi
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多数据源

回顾

通过前面文章的介绍,目前已经支持主流数据库,包括MySql,PostgreSql,Oracle,Microsoft SQL Server等,通过配置零代码实现了CRUD增删改查RESTful API。采用抽象工厂设计模式,可以无缝切换不同类型的数据库。
但是如果需要同时支持不同类型的数据库,如何通过配置进行管理呢?这时候引入多数据源功能就很有必要了。

简介

利用spring boot多数据源功能,可以同时支持不同类型数据库mysql,oracle,postsql,sql server等,以及相同类型数据库不同的schema。零代码同时生成不同类型数据库增删改查RESTful api,且支持同一接口中跨库数据访问二次开发。

UI界面

配置一个数据源,多个从数据源,每一个数据源相互独立配置和访问。

multiDatasource

核心原理

配置数据库连接串

配置application.properties,spring.datasource为默认主数据源,spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[]数组为从数据源

#primary
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/crudapi?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

#postgresql
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[0].postgresql.driverClassName=org.postgresql.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[0].postgresql.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/crudapi
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[0].postgresql.username=postgres
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[0].postgresql.password=postgres

#sqlserver
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[1].sqlserver.driverClassName=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[1].sqlserver.url=jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;SelectMethod=cursor;DatabaseName=crudapi
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[1].sqlserver.username=sa
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[1].sqlserver.password=Mssql1433

#oracle
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[2].oracle.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/XEPDB1
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[2].oracle.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[2].oracle.username=crudapi
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[2].oracle.password=crudapi

#mysql
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[3].mysql.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[3].mysql.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/crudapi2?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[3].mysql.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.data-sources[3].mysql.password=root

动态数据源——DynamicDataSource

Spring boot提供了抽象类AbstractRoutingDataSource,复写接口determineCurrentLookupKey, 可以在执行查询之前,设置使用的数据源,从而实现动态切换数据源。

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
  @Override
  protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
    return DataSourceContextHolder.getDataSource();
  }
}

数据源Context——DataSourceContextHolder

默认主数据源名称为datasource,从数据源名称保存在ThreadLocal变量CONTEXT_HOLDER里面,ThreadLocal叫做线程变量, 意思是ThreadLocal中填充的变量属于当前线程, 该变量对其他线程而言是隔离的, 也就是说该变量是当前线程独有的变量。

在RestController里面根据需要提前设置好当前需要访问的数据源key,即调用setDataSource方法,访问数据的时候调用getDataSource方法获取到数据源key,最终传递给DynamicDataSource。

public class DataSourceContextHolder {
    //默认数据源primary=dataSource
    private static final String DEFAULT_DATASOURCE = "dataSource";

    //保存线程连接的数据源
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> CONTEXT_HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static final ThreadLocal<String> HEADER_HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();

    public static String getDataSource() {
      String dataSoure = CONTEXT_HOLDER.get();
        if (dataSoure != null) {
          return dataSoure;
        } else {
          return DEFAULT_DATASOURCE;
        }
    }

    public static void setDataSource(String key) {
        if ("primary".equals(key)) {
          key = DEFAULT_DATASOURCE;
        }
        CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(key);
    }

    public static void cleanDataSource() {
        CONTEXT_HOLDER.remove();
    }

    public static void setHeaderDataSource(String key) {
      HEADER_HOLDER.set(key);
    }

    public static String getHeaderDataSource() {
      String dataSoure = HEADER_HOLDER.get();
        if (dataSoure != null) {
          return dataSoure;
        } else {
          return DEFAULT_DATASOURCE;
        }
    }
}

动态数据库提供者——DynamicDataSourceProvider

程序启动时候,读取配置文件application.properties中数据源信息,构建DataSource并通过接口setTargetDataSources设置从数据源。数据源的key和DataSourceContextHolder中key一一对应

@Component
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class)
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari")
public class DynamicDataSourceProvider implements DataSourceProvider {
  @Autowired
  private DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource;

  private List<Map<String, DataSourceProperties>> dataSources;

  private Map<Object,Object> targetDataSourcesMap;

  @Resource
  private DataSourceProperties dataSourceProperties;

  private DataSource buildDataSource(DataSourceProperties prop) {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(prop.getDriverClassName());
        builder.username(prop.getUsername());
        builder.password(prop.getPassword());
        builder.url(prop.getUrl());
        return builder.build();
    }

    @Override
    public List<DataSource> provide() {
      Map<Object,Object> targetDataSourcesMap = new HashMap<>();
      List<DataSource> res = new ArrayList<>();
      if (dataSources != null) {
            dataSources.forEach(map -> {
                Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
                keys.forEach(key -> {
                    DataSourceProperties properties = map.get(key);
                    DataSource dataSource = buildDataSource(properties);
                    targetDataSourcesMap.put(key, dataSource);

                });
            });

            //更新dynamicDataSource
            this.targetDataSourcesMap = targetDataSourcesMap;
            dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSourcesMap);
            dynamicDataSource.afterPropertiesSet();
      }

        return res;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        provide();
    }

    public List<Map<String, DataSourceProperties>> getDataSources() {
        return dataSources;
    }

    public void setDataSources(List<Map<String, DataSourceProperties>> dataSources) {
        this.dataSources = dataSources;
    }

    public List<Map<String, String>> getDataSourceNames() {
      List<Map<String, String>> dataSourceNames = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
      Map<String, String> dataSourceNameMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
      dataSourceNameMap.put("name", "primary");
      dataSourceNameMap.put("caption", "主数据源");
      dataSourceNameMap.put("database", parseDatabaseName(dataSourceProperties));
      dataSourceNames.add(dataSourceNameMap);

      if (dataSources != null) {
        dataSources.forEach(map -> {
          Set<Map.Entry<String, DataSourceProperties>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
              for (Map.Entry<String, DataSourceProperties> entry : entrySet) {
                Map<String, String> t = new HashMap<String, String>();
                t.put("name", entry.getKey());
                t.put("caption", entry.getKey());
                DataSourceProperties p = entry.getValue();
                t.put("database", parseDatabaseName(p));

                dataSourceNames.add(t);
              }
          });
      }

        return dataSourceNames;
    }

    public String getDatabaseName() {
      List<Map<String, String>> dataSourceNames = this.getDataSourceNames();
      String dataSource = DataSourceContextHolder.getDataSource();

      Optional<Map<String, String>> op = dataSourceNames.stream()
      .filter(t -> t.get("name").toString().equals(dataSource))
      .findFirst();
      if (op.isPresent()) {
        return op.get().get("database");
      } else {
        return dataSourceNames.stream()
        .filter(t -> t.get("name").toString().equals("primary"))
        .findFirst().get().get("database");
      }
    }


    private String parseDatabaseName(DataSourceProperties p) {
      String url = p.getUrl();
      String databaseName = "";
      if (url.toLowerCase().indexOf("databasename") >= 0) {
        String[] urlArr = p.getUrl().split(";");
        for (String u : urlArr) {
          if (u.toLowerCase().indexOf("databasename") >= 0) {
            String[] uArr = u.split("=");
            databaseName = uArr[uArr.length - 1];
          }
        }
      } else {
        String[] urlArr = p.getUrl().split("\\?")[0].split("/");
        databaseName = urlArr[urlArr.length - 1];
      }

      return databaseName;
    }

  public Map<Object,Object> getTargetDataSourcesMap() {
    return targetDataSourcesMap;
  }
}

动态数据源配置——DynamicDataSourceConfig

首先取消系统自动数据库配置,设置exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class }

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class })
public class ServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

然后自定义Bean,分别定义主数据源dataSource和动态数据源dynamicDataSource,并且注入到JdbcTemplate,NamedParameterJdbcTemplate,和DataSourceTransactionManager中,在访问数据时候自动识别对应的数据源。

//数据源配置类
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class)
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceConfig.class);

    @Resource
    private DataSourceProperties dataSourceProperties;

    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource getDataSource(){
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(dataSourceProperties.getDriverClassName());
        builder.username(dataSourceProperties.getUsername());
        builder.password(dataSourceProperties.getPassword());
        builder.url(dataSourceProperties.getUrl());
        return builder.build();
    }

    @Primary //当相同类型的实现类存在时,选择该注解标记的类
    @Bean("dynamicDataSource")
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource(){
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        //默认数据源
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(getDataSource());

        Map<Object,Object> targetDataSourcesMap = new HashMap<>();
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSourcesMap);
        return dynamicDataSource;
    }

    //事务管理器DataSourceTransactionManager构造参数需要DataSource
    //这里可以看到我们给的是dynamicDS这个bean
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(){
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
    }

    //这里的JdbcTemplate构造参数同样需要一个DataSource,为了实现数据源切换查询,
    //这里使用的也是dynamicDS这个bean
    @Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbc(){
        return new JdbcTemplate(dynamicDataSource());
    }

    //这里的JdbcTemplate构造参数同样需要一个DataSource,为了实现数据源切换查询,
    //这里使用的也是dynamicDS这个bean
    @Bean(name = "namedParameterJdbcTemplate")
    public NamedParameterJdbcTemplate getNamedJdbc(){
        return new NamedParameterJdbcTemplate(dynamicDataSource());
    }
}

请求头过滤器——HeadFilter

拦截所有http请求,从header里面解析出当前需要访问的数据源,然后设置到线程变量HEADER_HOLDER中。

@WebFilter(filterName = "headFilter", urlPatterns = "/*")
public class HeadFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HeadFilter.class);

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
      if (!"/api/auth/login".equals(request.getRequestURI())
        && !"/api/auth/jwt/login".equals(request.getRequestURI())
        && !"/api/auth/logout".equals(request.getRequestURI())
        && !"/api/metadata/dataSources".equals(request.getRequestURI())) {
        String dataSource = request.getParameter("dataSource");
          HeadRequestWrapper headRequestWrapper = new HeadRequestWrapper(request);
          if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dataSource)) {
            dataSource = headRequestWrapper.getHeader("dataSource");
                if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dataSource)) {
                  dataSource = "primary";
                  headRequestWrapper.addHead("dataSource", dataSource);
                }
            }

            DataSourceContextHolder.setHeaderDataSource(dataSource);

            // finish
            filterChain.doFilter(headRequestWrapper, response);
      } else {
        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
    }
}

实际应用

前面动态数据源配置准备工作已经完成,最后我们定义切面DataSourceAspect

@Aspect
public class DataSourceAspect {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataSourceAspect.class);

  @Pointcut("within(cn.crudapi.api.controller..*)")
  public void applicationPackagePointcut() {
  }

  @Around("applicationPackagePointcut()")
  public Object dataSourceAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
    String dataSource = DataSourceContextHolder.getHeaderDataSource();
    DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSource(dataSource);
    try {
      return joinPoint.proceed();
    } finally {
      DataSourceContextHolder.cleanDataSource();
    }
  }
}

在API对应的controller中拦截,获取当前的请求头数据源key,然后执行joinPoint.proceed(),最后再恢复数据源。当然在service内部还可以多次切换数据源,只需要调用DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSource()即可。比如可以从mysql数据库读取数据,然后保存到oracle数据库中。

前端集成

在请求头里面设置dataSource为对应的数据源,比如primary表示主数据源,postgresql表示从数据源postgresql,具体可以名称和application.properties配置保持一致。

首先调用的地方配置dataSource

const table = {
  list: function(dataSource, tableName, page, rowsPerPage, search, query, filter) {
    return axiosInstance.get("/api/business/" + tableName,
      {
        params: {
          offset: (page - 1) * rowsPerPage,
          limit: rowsPerPage,
          search: search,
          ...query,
          filter: filter
        },
        dataSource: dataSource
      }
    );
  },
}

然后在axios里面统一拦截配置

axiosInstance.interceptors.request.use(
  function(config) {
    if (config.dataSource) {
      console.log("config.dataSource = " + config.dataSource);
      config.headers["dataSource"] = config.dataSource;
    }

    return config;
  },
  function(error) {
    return Promise.reject(error);
  }
);

效果如下
datasource

小结

本文主要介绍了多数据源功能,在同一个Java程序中,通过多数据源功能,不需要一行代码,我们就可以得到不同数据库的基本crud功能,包括API和UI。

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