汉诺塔问题
汉诺塔(Hanoi)的游戏。该游戏是在一块铜板装置上,有三根杆(编号A、B、C),在A杆自下而上、由大到小按顺序放置N个金盘(如下图)。游戏的目标:把A杆上的金盘全部移到C杆上,并仍保持原有顺序叠好。操作规则:每次只能移动一个盘子,并且在移动过程中三根杆上都始终保持大盘在下,小盘在上,操作过程中盘子可以置于A、B、C任一杆上。
实现代码
递归法 hannoRec.php
递归法的本质,就是找到最简单的小规模解,以及一个递推关系式,然后每一次更大规模的问题就去递归到小问题上来解决。
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: L
* Date: 2018-4-15
* Time: 2:07
*/
/** 递归实现
* @param $id //盘子编号
* @param $first //起点柱子
* @param $middle //中介柱子
* @param $end //终点柱子
*/
function hanRec($id, $first, $middle, $end,$counter)
{
if ($id == 1) {
move(1,$first,$end,$counter);
} else {
hanRec($id-1,$first,$end,$middle,$counter);
move($id,$first,$end,$counter);
$counter++;
hanRec($id-1,$middle,$first,$end,$counter);
}
}
function move($id,$from,$to,$counter){
global $counter;
$counter++;
// echo "step: $counter, level $id from $from move to $to, <br/>";
}
迭代法 hannoIter
迭代法,则是将问题中,求解的一系列行为动作封装起来,使用一个循环来不停的调用这个行为,并且保存好行为前后的参数状态,使之成为一个可以连续迭代的操作,进而逐步求出最后的解。
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: L
* Date: 2018-4-17
* Time: 2:38
*/
class Params{ //定义一个对象来保存参数状态
public $id;
public $num;
public $first;
public $middle;
public $end;
public $counter;
/**
* Params constructor.
* @param $num
* @param $first
* @param $middle
* @param $end
* @param $counter
*/
public function __construct($id,$num, $first, $middle, $end, $counter)
{
$this->id = $id;
$this->num = $num;
$this->first = $first;
$this->middle = $middle;
$this->end = $end;
$this->counter = $counter;
}
}
function hanIter($id,$num, $first, $middle, $end, $counter)
{
$stack =init($id,$num, $first, $middle, $end, $counter);
while($stack){
//出栈
$action = array_pop($stack);
// var_dump($action);
if($action->num ==1){
move($action->id,$action->first,$action->end,$action->counter);
}else{
//入栈
$next_stack = init($action->id,$action->num,$action->first, $action->middle, $action->end, $action->counter);
$stack=array_merge($stack,$next_stack);
}
}
}
/** 入栈操作
* @param $id //需要移动的盘子
* @param $num //移动该盘子需要挪动的总盘子数量
* @param $first
* @param $middle
* @param $end
* @param $counter
* @return array
*/
function init($id,$num,$first, $middle, $end, $counter)
{
unset($stack);
//注意入站出站顺序
$stack = array();
//第一次回调
$stack[] =new Params($id-1,$num-1,$middle,$first,$end,$counter);
//第二次回调
$stack[] =new Params($id,1,$first, $middle, $end, $counter);
//第三次回调
$stack[] =new Params($id-1,$num-1,$first,$end,$middle,$counter);
return $stack;
}
/** 若在测试用例中,由于两个文件都有此 move函数,函数重名,注释掉其中一个即可
function move($id,$from,$to,$counter){
global $counter;
$counter++;
// echo "step: $counter, level $id from $from move to $to, <br/>";
}
**/
执行时间测试脚本 test.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: L
* Date: 2018-4-17
* Time: 2:18
*/
require "hannoRec.php";
require "hannoIter.php";
define('TIMES', 100);
define('NUM', 10);
function rowTable()
{
unset($row);
$row = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < TIMES; $i++) {
$row = getSortRow($row);
}
foreach ($row as $r) {
print <<< TR
<tr>
<td>$r->iter</td>
<td>$r->rec</td>
</tr>
TR;
}
}
function getSortRow(array $row)
{
$num = NUM;
$counter= 0;
$stime = microtime(true);
hanIter($num, $num, 'A', 'B', 'C', $counter);
$etime = microtime(true);
$iterTime = 1000 * ($etime - $stime);
// echo "<br/>";
$counter = 0;
$num = NUM;
$stime = microtime(true);
hanRec($num, 'A', 'B', 'C', $counter);
$etime = microtime(true);
$recTime = 1000 * ($etime - $stime);
$row[] = (object)["iter" => $iterTime, "rec" => $recTime];
return $row;
}
?>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>迭代 Iter/ms</th>
<th>递归 Rec/ms</th>
</tr>
<?php rowTable(); ?>
</table>