建议结合上一篇Java类的加载和初始化一起阅读,将帮助你理解:
什么是Class,什么是class
Java虚拟机启动和类的加载过程
对象的创建方式和初始化顺序
对象的创建方式
下面结合代码介绍几种对象的创建方式:
//待实例化的类public class Worker implements Cloneable,Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String name; private Integer age; public Worker() { this.name = ""; this.age = 0; } public Worker(String name,Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void work() { System.out.println(name +"is working"); } public Worker clone() { Worker worker = null; try { return (Worker) super.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return worker; } }
方式1: 直接使用new的方式,不使用参数
public static Worker createWorker() { System.out.println("直接使用new的方式,不使用参数"); return new Worker(); }
方式2: 使用new方式,带参数
public static Worker createWorker(String name, int age) { System.out.println("使用new方式,带参数"); return new Worker(name, age); }
方式3: 使用反射机制,不带参数的 newInstance() 方法
public static Worker createWorker1() { Class clazz = null; Worker worker = null; try { clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker"); worker = (Worker) clazz.newInstance(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("使用反射机制,不带参数的newInstance()方法"); return worker; }
方式4: 使用反射机制 , Constructor的 newInstance方法
public static Worker createWorker2() { Worker worker = null; try { Class clazz = null; clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker"); // 获取不带参数的构造器 Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(); // 使用构造器创建对象 worker = (Worker) constructor.newInstance(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("使用反射机制,Constructor的newInstance方法"); return worker; }
方式5: 使用反射机制 :带参数的构造函数创建新对象
public static Worker createWorker3(String name, Integer age) { Worker worker = null; try { Class clazz = null; clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker"); // 获取带参数的构造器 Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(name.getClass(), age.getClass()); // 使用构造器创建对象 worker = (Worker) constructor.newInstance(name, age); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("使用反射机制,带参数的构造函数创建新对象"); return worker; }
方式6: 使用序列化和反序列化创建对象
public static Worker createWorker4(String name, Integer age){ Worker person = new Worker(); person.setName(name); person.setAge(age); //序列化 OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("person.txt"); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(person); outputStream.close(); objectOutputStream.close(); //反序列化 InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("person.txt"); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream); return (Worker) objectInputStream.readObject(); }
方式7: 使用对象的clone方法,创建对象
public static Worker createWorker5(Worker worker) { System.out.println("使用对象的复制,创建对象"); return (Worker) worker.clone(); }
对象的初始化顺序
结合代码,分析对象的初始化顺序
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Child child = new Child(); } }class Father { public static String fatherStr1 = "fatherStr1(静态字段初始化值)"; public String fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(字段初始化值)"; static { System.out.println("父类静态代码块:" + fatherStr1); fatherStr1 = "fatherStr1(静态代码块赋值)"; } { System.out.println("父类构造代码块:" + fatherStr2); fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(构造代码块赋值)"; } public Father() { System.out.println("父类构造函数块:" + fatherStr2); fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(构造函数赋值)"; } }class Child extends Father { public static String childStr1 = "childStr1(静态字段初始化值)"; public String childStr2 = "childStr2(字段初始化值)"; static { System.out.println("子类静态代码块:" + childStr1); childStr1 = "childStr1(静态代码块赋值)"; } { System.out.println("子类构造代码块:" + childStr2); childStr2 = "childStr2(构造代码块赋值)"; } public Child() { System.out.println("子类构造函数:" + childStr2); childStr2 = "childStr2(构造函数赋值)"; } } /*输出结果: 父类静态代码块:fatherStr1(静态字段初始化值) 子类静态代码块:childStr1(静态字段初始化值) 父类构造代码块:fatherStr2(字段初始化值) 父类构造函数块:fatherStr2(构造代码块赋值) 子类构造代码块:childStr2(字段初始化值) 子类构造函数:childStr2(构造代码块赋值)*/
总结如下,其中静态字段和静态代码块属于类的初始化过程
1、父类静态字段初始化,静态代码块初始化
2、子类静态字段初始化,子类静态代码块初始化
3、父类普通字段初始化,普通代码块初始化
4、父类构造函数
5、子类普通字段初始化,普通代码块初始化
6、子类构造函数
作者:匠丶
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/a4ff6b0a9661