使用 Mockito 在客户端测试 POST 请求
我想测试应该向“服务器”发送post请求的post方法（因此我想模拟来自服务器的响应并检查响应）。另外，我想测试响应是否在正文中包含http状态OK。问题：我应该如何使用 mockito？
客户端中的“我的帖子”方法（客户端）：
public class Client{
public static void sendUser(){
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";
HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
User test = new User();
test.setName("test");
test.setEmail("a@hotmail.com");
test.setScore(205);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
System.out.println("user response: OK");
}
}
}
另一个模块（服务器端）中的我的控制器：
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController
{
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@PostMapping("/add")
public ResponseEntity addUserToDb(@RequestBody User user) throws Exception
{
userRepository.save(user);
return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
}
测试：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@SpringBootTest(classes = Client.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ClientTest
{
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void configureRestMVC()
{
mockServer =
MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void testRquestUserAddObject() throws Exception
{
User user = new User("test", "mail", 2255);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(user );
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("http://localhost:8080/user/add")).andRespond(withSuccess());
}
摇曳的蔷薇2回答
-
慕尼黑5688855
根据您的客户端类，希望提出以下更改建议，以使其更易于测试： // class public class Client { /*** restTemplate unique instance for every unique HTTP server. ***/ @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public ResponseEntity<String> sendUser() { String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add"; HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)); User test = new User(); test.setName("test"); test.setEmail("a@hotmail.com"); test.setScore(205); HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test); ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class); if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){ System.out.println("user response: OK"); } return response; } }然后对于上面的我们朱尼特作为：@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)public class ClientTest { private String RESULT = "Assert result"; @Mock private RestTemplate restTemplate; @InjectMocks private Client client; /** * any setting needed before load of test class */ @Before public void setUp() { // not needed as of now } // testing an exception scenario @Test(expected = RestClientException.class) public void testSendUserForExceptionScenario() throws RestClientException { doThrow(RestClientException.class).when(restTemplate) .exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class)); // expect RestClientException client.sendUser(); } @Test public void testSendUserForValidScenario() throws RestClientException { // creating expected response User user= new User("name", "mail", 6609); Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(user); doReturn(new ResponseEntity<String>(json, HttpStatus.OK)).when(restTemplate) .exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class)); // expect proper response ResponseEntity<String> response = (ResponseEntity<String>) client.sendUser(); assertEquals(this.RESULT, HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode()); }}基本上在您的功能中，我们正在做：sendResponse()// we are getting URL , creating requestHeader// finally creating HttpEntity<User> request // and then passing them restTemplate.exchange // and then restTemplate is doing its job to make a HTPP connection and getresponse...// and then we are prinnting the response... somestuff 因此，在相应的测试中，我们还应该只测试函数正在执行的操作，因为连接正在被照顾，并且您没有覆盖任何工作，因此我们不应该为相同的事情做任何事情......而只是测试我们的代码/逻辑。restTemplaterestTemplate最后，为了确保导入看起来像：可以肯定的是，进口会像这样：import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;希望这有帮助。 -
largeQ
首先是完整代码（说明如下）：import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.manyTimes;import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.once;import static org.springframework.test.web.client.match.MockRestRequestMatchers.requestTo;import static org.springframework.test.web.client.response.MockRestResponseCreators.withSuccess;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@ActiveProfiles("test")@SpringBootTest@AutoConfigureMockMvcpublic class MyTestClass {MockRestServiceServer mockServer; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; //create a bean somewhere. It will be injected here. @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void configureRestMVC(){ mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate); } @Test public void test0() throws Exception { //this is where you would mock the call to endpoint and and response mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1")) .andRespond(withSuccess()); ... //here you will actually make a call to your controller. If the service class is making a post call to another endpoint outside, that you just mocked in above statement. this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint") .content(asJsonString(new YouCustomObjectThatYouWantToPost)) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().json(matchResponseAgainstThisObject())); }您需要使用注释。背后的目的是根本不启动服务器，而只测试该层下面的层，其中Spring处理传入的HTTP请求并将其传递给您的控制器。这样，几乎使用完整的堆栈，并且您的代码将被调用，就像它处理真正的HTTP请求一样，但没有启动服务器的成本。为此，我们将使用Spring的MockMvc，我们可以通过使用测试类上的注释来要求为我们注入它。@AutoConfigureMockMvc@AutoConfigureMockMvcprivate MockRestServiceServer mockServer;MockRestServiceServer是客户端REST测试的主要入口点。用于涉及直接或间接使用 RestTemplate 的测试。提供一种方法来设置将通过 RestTemplate 执行的预期请求，以及要发送回的模拟响应，从而消除了对实际服务器的需求。mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1")) .andRespond(withSuccess());这是您将设置模拟外部调用的地方。以及设置期望。this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint")..在这里，您将实际对自己的终结点（在控制器中定义的终结点）进行 rest/api 调用。Spring将命中你的端点，执行你在控制器/服务层中的所有逻辑，当涉及到实际在外面进行调用的部分时，将使用你上面刚刚定义的mockServer。这样，它完全离线。您从未遇到过实际的外部服务。此外，您将在同一个 mockMvc.perform 方法上附加断言。
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