在 selenium 中使用 FindBy 时出错。错误信息空点异常

Question

import com.sun.javafx.PlatformUtil;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class HotelBookingTest {

    WebDriver driver;

    @FindBy(xpath= "//*[@class='hotelApp ']")

    public static WebElement hotelLink;

    @Test

    public void shouldBeAbleToSearchForHotels() {

        setDriverPath();

        driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.cleartrip.com/");

        boolean hotelLinkDisplayed = hotelLink.isDisplayed();

       hotelLink.click();

        driver.quit();

    }

}

在“HotelLink.click”行上出现错误，并且该 hotelLink 元素是使用 findBy 注释定义的，但出现“java.lang.NullPointerException”错误

Answer 1

当您使用@FindBy注释时，您需要在使用之前初始化所有 Web 元素。为类创建一个构造并使用如下所示进行HotelBookingTest初始化：PageFactoryimport com.sun.javafx.PlatformUtil;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;import org.testng.annotations.Test;public class HotelBookingTest {    WebDriver driver;    @FindBy(xpath= "//*[@class='hotelApp ']")    public WebElement hotelLink;    public HotelBookingTest(WebDriver driver) {        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);    }    @Test    public void shouldBeAbleToSearchForHotels() {        setDriverPath();        driver = new ChromeDriver();        new HotelBookingTest(driver);        driver.get("https://www.cleartrip.com/");        boolean hotelLinkDisplayed = hotelLink.isDisplayed();        hotelLink.click();        driver.quit();    }}PageFactory从相应的包中导入并static在`hotelLink.我希望它有帮助...

Answer 2

对于@FindBy注释，您需要在搜索 WebElement 之前实现它。您可以以简单的方式添加为您执行此操作的方法：import com.sun.javafx.PlatformUtil;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;import org.testng.annotations.Test;import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;public class HotelBookingTest {    WebDriver driver;    @FindBy(xpath= "//*[@class='hotelApp ']")    public static WebElement hotelLink;    @Test    public void shouldBeAbleToSearchForHotels() {        setDriverPath();        driver = new ChromeDriver();        HotelBookingTest.setPageObject(driver);        driver.get("https://www.cleartrip.com/");        boolean hotelLinkDisplayed = hotelLink.isDisplayed();       hotelLink.click();        driver.quit();    }    public static void setPageObject (WebDriver wd) {        PageFactory.initElements(wd, new HotelBookingTest ());    }}

Answer 3

由于您使用的是 @FindBy 注释，因此您必须在使用之前初始化元素。您可以通过创建接受 WebDriver 类型作为参数的参数化构造函数来做到这一点。        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);```and call this constructor after opening the browser.i.e after this line ```driver = new ChromeDriver();```