猛跑小猪
C语言课程设计报告-------学生成绩简单管理程序一、系统菜单的主要功能(1)输入若干条记录(2)显示所有记录(3)按学号排序(4)插入一条记录(5)按姓名查找,删除一条记录(6)查找并显示一条记录(7)输出统计信息 (新增)(8)从正文中添加数据到结构体数组中(9)将所有数据写入文件中(0)退出程序二、题目分析该题主要考察学生对结构体,指针,文件的操作,以及C语言算法的掌握,所以完成此道题目要求较强的设计能力,尤其是要有一种大局观的意识。如何调程序也非常重要,通过这个程序可以学习到以前调试短程序没有的的经验。菜单中的每一个选项都对应一个子程序,子程序的算法几乎囊获了所有C语言学过的技巧,下面就各个子程序中的功能进行说明:功能1和4的算法相似,输入一条记录到结构体中去,其中有一部很关键,就是通过gets将所有的多余的字符,回车读去,否则就会出错。功能2是显示所有的记录,通过循环输出,格式也比较重要。功能3为按学号排序,因为学号定义成了字符数组的形式,因此在运用冒泡法进行排序的时候,要用到strcmp,strcpy等函数。功能5为按姓名删除记录,先输入姓名,再一一比较,如果没有则返回失败信息,如果找到就将此记录都向前移一位,返回n-1。功能6的算法在5中就已经体现了,输入姓名,一一比较。功能7为新增的功能,因为考虑到原来给出的函数中竟然没有对学生成绩的统计功能,因此新增此功能,可以得出所有的记录个数,最高、最低、平均分,并输出相关的学生信息等。功能8和9是对文件的操作,提前准备好数据。三、程序正文部分#include<stdio.h> /*引用库函数*/#include<stdlib.h>#include<ctype.h>#include<string.h>typedef struct /*定义结构体数组*/{char num[10]; /*学号*/char name[20]; /*姓名*/int score; /*成绩*/}Student;Student stu[80]; /*结构体数组变量*/int menu_select() /*菜单函数*/{char c;do{system("cls"); /*运行前清屏*/printf("\t\t****Students' Grade Management System****\n"); /*菜单选择*/printf("\t\t | 1. Input Records |\n");printf("\t\t | 2. Display All Records |\n");printf("\t\t | 3. Sort |\n");printf("\t\t | 4. Insert a Record |\n");printf("\t\t | 5. Delete a Record |\n");printf("\t\t | 6. Query |\n");printf("\t\t | 7. Statistic |\n");printf("\t\t | 8. Add Records from a Text File|\n");printf("\t\t | 9. Write to a Text file |\n");printf("\t\t | 0. Quit |\n");printf("\t\t*****************************************\n");printf("\t\t\tGive your Choice(0-9):");c=getchar(); /*读入选择*/}while(c<'0'||c>'9');return(c-'0'); /*返回选择*/}int Input(Student stud[],int n) /*输入若干条记录*/{int i=0;char sign,x[10]; /*x[10]为清除多余的数据所用*/while(sign!='n'&&sign!='N') /*判断*/{ printf("\t\t\tstudent's num:"); /*交互输入*/scanf("\t\t\t%s",stud[n+i].num);printf("\t\t\tstudent's name:");scanf("\t\t\t%s",stud[n+i].name);printf("\t\t\tstudent's score:");scanf("\t\t\t%d",&stud[n+i].score);gets(x); /*清除多余的输入*/printf("\t\t\tany more records?(Y/N)");scanf("\t\t\t%c",&sign); /*输入判断*/i++;}return(n+i);}void Display(Student stud[],int n) /*显示所有记录*/{int i;printf("\t\t\t-----------------------------------\n"); /*格式头*/printf("\t\t\tnumber name score\n");printf("\t\t\t-----------------------------------\n");for(i=1;i<n+1;i++) /*循环输入*/{printf("\t\t\t%-16s%-15s%d\n",stud[i-1].num,stud[i-1].name,stud[i-1].score);if(i>1&&i%10==0) /*每十个暂停*/{printf("\t\t\t-----------------------------------\n"); /*格式*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");printf("\t\t\t-----------------------------------\n");}}printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");}void Sort_by_num(Student stud[],int n) /*按学号排序*/{ int i,j,*p,*q,s;char t[10];for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) /*冒泡法排序*/for(j=0;j<n-1-i;j++)if(strcmp(stud[j].num,stud[j+1].num)>0){strcpy(t,stud[j+1].num);strcpy(stud[j+1].num,stud[j].num);strcpy(stud[j].num,t);strcpy(t,stud[j+1].name);strcpy(stud[j+1].name,stud[j].name);strcpy(stud[j].name,t);p=&stud[j+1].score;q=&stud[j].score;s=*p;*p=*q;*q=s;}}int Insert_a_record(Student stud[],int n) /*插入一条记录*/{char x[10]; /*清除多余输入所用*/printf("\t\t\tstudent's num:"); /*交互式输入*/scanf("\t\t\t%s",stud[n].num);printf("\t\t\tstudent's name:");scanf("\t\t\t%s",stud[n].name);printf("\t\t\tstudent's score:");scanf("\t\t\t%d",&stud[n].score);gets(x);n++;Sort_by_num(stud,n); /*调用排序函数*/printf("\t\t\tInsert Successed!\n"); /*返回成功信息*/return(n);}int Delete_a_record(Student stud[],int n) /*按姓名查找,删除一条记录*/{ char s[20];int i=0,j;printf("\t\t\ttell me his(her) name:"); /*交互式问寻*/scanf("%s",s);while(strcmp(stud[i].name,s)!=0&&i<n) i++; /*查找判断*/if(i==n){ printf("\t\t\tnot find!\n"); /*返回失败信息*/return(n);}for(j=i;j<n-1;j++) /*删除操作*/{strcpy(stud[j].num,stud[j+1].num);strcpy(stud[j].name,stud[j+1].name);stud[j].score=stud[j+1].score;}printf("\t\t\tDelete Successed!\n"); /*返回成功信息*/return(n-1);}void Query_a_record(Student stud[],int n) /*查找并显示一个记录*/{ char s[20];int i=0;printf("\t\t\tinput his(her) name:"); /*交互式输入*/scanf("\t\t\t%s",s);while(strcmp(stud[i].name,s)!=0&&i<n) i++; /*查找判断*/if(i==n){ printf("\t\t\tnot find!\n"); /*输入失败信息*/return;}printf("\t\t\this(her) number:%s\n",stud[i].num); /*输出该学生信息*/printf("\t\t\this(her) score:%d\n",stud[i].score);}void Statistic(Student stud[],int n) /*新增功能,输出统计信息*/{ int i,j=0,k=0,sum=0;float aver; /*成绩平均值*/for(i=0;i<n;i++) /*循环输入判断*/{sum+=stud[i].score;if(stud[j].score>stud[i].score) j=i;if(stud[k].score<stud[i].score) k=i;}aver=1.0*sum/n;printf("\t\t\tthere are %d records.\n",n); /*总共记录数*/printf("\t\t\tthe hignest score:\n"); /*最高分*/printf("\t\t\tnumber:%s name:%s score:%d\n",stud[j].num,stud[j].name,stud[j].score);printf("\t\t\tthe lowest score:\n"); /*最低分*/printf("\t\t\tnumber:%s name:%s score:%d\n",stud[k].num,stud[k].name,stud[k].score);printf("\t\t\tthe average score is %5.2f\n",aver); /*平均分*/}int AddfromText(Student stud[],int n) /*从文件中读入数据*/{ int i=0,num;FILE *fp; /*定义文件指针*/char filename[20]; /*定义文件名*/printf("\t\t\tInput the filename:");scanf("\t\t\t%s",filename); /*输入文件名*/if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL) /*打开文件*/{ printf("\t\t\tcann't open the file\n"); /*打开失败信息*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");return(n);}fscanf(fp,"%d",&num); /*读入总记录量*/while(i<num) /*循环读入数据*/{fscanf(fp,"%s%s%d",stud[n+i].num,stud[n+i].name,&stud[n+i].score);i++;}n+=num;fclose(fp); /*关闭文件*/printf("\t\t\tSuccessed!\n");printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");return(n);}void WritetoText(Student stud[],int n) /*将所有记录写入文件*/{int i=0;FILE *fp; /*定义文件指针*/char filename[20]; /*定义文件名*/printf("\t\t\tWrite Records to a Text File\n"); /*输入文件名*/printf("\t\t\tInput the filename:");scanf("\t\t\t%s",filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"w"))==NULL) /*打开文件*/{printf("\t\t\tcann't open the file\n");system("pause");return;}fprintf(fp,"%d\n",n); /*循环写入数据*/while(i<n){fprintf(fp,"%-16s%-15s%d\n",stud[i].num,stud[i].name,stud[i].score);i++;}fclose(fp); /*关闭文件*/printf("Successed!\n"); /*返回成功信息*/}void main() /*主函数*/{int n=0;for(;;){switch(menu_select()) /*选择判断*/{case 1:printf("\t\t\tInput Records\n"); /*输入若干条记录*/n=Input(stu,n);break;case 2:printf("\t\t\tDisplay All Records\n"); /*显示所有记录*/Display(stu,n);break;case 3:printf("\t\t\tSort\n");Sort_by_num(stu,n); /*按学号排序*/printf("\t\t\tSort Suceessed!\n");printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 4:printf("\t\t\tInsert a Record\n");n=Insert_a_record(stu,n); /*插入一条记录*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 5:printf("\t\t\tDelete a Record\n");n=Delete_a_record(stu,n); /*按姓名查找,删除一条记录*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 6:printf("\t\t\tQuery\n");Query_a_record(stu,n); /*查找并显示一个记录*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 7:printf("\t\t\tStatistic\n");Statistic(stu,n); /*新增功能,输出统计信息*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 8:printf("\t\t\tAdd Records from a Text File\n");n=AddfromText(stu,n); /*新增功能,输出统计信息*/break;case 9:printf("\t\t\tWrite to a Text file\n");WritetoText(stu,n); /*循环写入数据*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");break;case 0:printf("\t\t\tHave a Good Luck,Bye-bye!\n"); /*结束程序*/printf("\t\t\t");system("pause");exit(0);}}}四、函数调用关系图注:“→”代表调用Input函数打印链表记录Display函数输入若干条记录menu_select()函数选择菜单Sort_by_num函数显示所有记录Delete_a_record函数按姓名查找,删除一条记录Query_a_record查找并显示一条记录Statistic函数输出统计信息 (新增)AddfromText函数从正文中添加数据到结构体数组中Main函数Insert_a_record插入一条记录WritetoText函数 将所有数据写入文件中退出程序Reverse(head)函数按学号排序五、设计测试流程1、进入界面2、输入选项1,回车;按提示输入数据:3、回到主菜单;输入选项7,回车;输入文件名:data.txt,回车;出现成功提示,则读入文件操作成功。4、回到主菜单,输入2,回车每10个暂停显示数据5、回到主菜单,输入3,回车出现排序成功信息。6、回到主菜单,输入4,回车按提示插入一组数据7、回到主菜单,输入5,回车按提示输入姓名,删除数据出现删除成功的信息8、回到主菜单,输入6,回车输入姓名进行查询9、回到主菜单,输入7,回车出现统计信息10、回到主菜单,输入9,回车输入result.txt,回车出现成功写入文件的信息11、回到主菜单,输入0,回车退出系统