如何将我的 PyGame 游戏拆分为单独的文件？

Question

我正在为一群超级聪明的年轻爱好者教授每两周一次的编码课程。我们已经介绍了 OOP 并使用 OOP 创建了一个基于文本的冒险。

现在我打算教 PyGame 并继续使用对象，我想知道是否可以以这样一种方式构建游戏，即每个对象的代码都在一个单独的文件中？这将非常简洁且易于构建。

那么对于下面的代码，我尝试为每个对象制作单独的文件。这只是部分成功，因为绘制方法从来没有很好地工作，我相信我不能有单独的文件引用同一个 pygame 屏幕的问题。

import pygame

import random

import time

# Define some colors

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

BLUE = (0,0,255)

SCREEN_WIDTH = 700

SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500

pygame.init()

class Paddle:

    '''Class to keep players location'''

    def __init__(self,x=350, y=480, width =70,height=20):

        self.x = x

        self.y = y

        self.change_x = 0

        self.change_y = 0

        self.width = width

        self.height = height

        self.score = 0

    def move(self):

        self.x += self.change_x

        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self):

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])

    def check_collision(self,ball):

        if ball.y>460:

            if abs(35+ self.x - ball.x) < 30:

                self.score += 1

                ball.draw(BLUE)

                ball.y = 0

                ball.x = random.randint(0,650)

                ball.change_y = random.randint(2,3+int(self.score/5))

class Ball:

    """Class to keep track of a ball's location and vector."""

    def __init__(self,x=350,y=250,size=25):

        self.x = x

        self.y = y

        self.change_x = 0

        self.change_y = 0

        self.size = size

    def move(self):

        self.x += self.change_x

        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self,colour = WHITE):

        pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)

# Set the height and width of the screen

size = [SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT]

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Balls")

done = False

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

screen.fill(BLACK)

ball = Ball()

player = Paddle()

ball.change_y = 2

ball.draw()

当我有单独的文件时，这是我遇到的与屏幕相关的错误

line 20, in draw

   pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)

NameError: name 'screen' is not defined

Answer 1

向类的方法添加一个surface参数，并在传递给该方法的表面上绘制对象：draw()PaddleBallclass Paddle:&nbsp; &nbsp; # [...]&nbsp; &nbsp; def draw(self, surface):&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])class Ball:&nbsp; &nbsp; # [...]&nbsp; &nbsp; def draw(self, surface, colour = WHITE):&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; pygame.draw.circle(surface, colour, [self.x, self.y], self.size)pygame.Surface现在您可以在任何您想要的对象上绘制对象，例如screen：ball.draw(screen)player.draw(screen)