无法安装gem-无法构建gem本机扩展-无法加载此类文件-mkmf（LoadError）

Question

Ruby 1.9.3

Gemfile的一部分

#...............

gem "pony"

gem "bcrypt-ruby", :require => "bcrypt"

gem "nokogiri" 

#..................

当我尝试安装gems时，出现错误

alex@ubuntu:~/$ bundle

Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.........

Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..

Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 

#####............................................................

Installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) with native extensions 

Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb 

/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'

        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'

Gem files will remain installed in /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.

Results logged to /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1), and Bundler cannot continue.

Make sure that `gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'` succeeds before bundling.

那我在做

sudo gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...

ERROR:  Error installing bcrypt-ruby:

        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb

/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)

        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'

        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'

Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.

Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

并得到一个错误。

我错过了什么？

Answer 1

还有类似的问题：`require'：没有要加载的文件-mkmf（LoadError）无法构建gem本机扩展（mkmf（LoadError））-Ubuntu 12.04通常，解决方案是：须藤apt-get install ruby-dev或者，如果这不起作用，则取决于您的ruby版本，运行类似以下内容的代码：须藤apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev应该解决您的问题。还是行不通？安装ruby-dev后，尝试以下操作：sudo apt-get安装make

Answer 2

我在尝试安装jquery-rails时遇到了同样的问题。解决方法是sudo apt-get install zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev

Answer 3

对于WSL（Linux的Windows子系统），您需要安装build-essential软件包：sudo apt install build-essential