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对于新版本的Node.js(v8.1.4),事件和调用与旧版本相似或相同,但鼓励使用标准的更新语言特性。例子:对于缓冲的、非流格式的输出(一次性获得全部输出),请使用child_process.exec:const { exec } = require('child_process');exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l', (err, stdout, stderr) => {
if (err) {
// node couldn't execute the command
return;
}
// the *entire* stdout and stderr (buffered)
console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`);
console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`);});您也可以将其用于承诺:const util = require('util');const exec = util.promisify(require('child_process').exec);async function ls() {
const { stdout, stderr } = await exec('ls');
console.log('stdout:', stdout);
console.log('stderr:', stderr);}ls();如果您希望以块的形式逐步接收数据(输出为流),请使用child_process.spawn:const { spawn } = require('child_process');const child = spawn('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);// use child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
if you want text chunkschild.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
// data from standard output is here as buffers});// since these are streams, you can pipe them elsewherechild.stderr.pipe(dest);
child.on('close', (code) => {
console.log(`child process exited with code ${code}`);});这两个函数都具有同步对应。一个例子child_process.execSync:const { execSync } = require('child_process');// stderr is sent to stderr of parent proces
s// you can set options.stdio if you want it to go elsewherelet stdout = execSync('ls');以及child_process.spawnSync:const { spawnSync} = require('child_process');const child = spawnSync('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);console.log('error', child.error);
console.log('stdout ', child.stdout);console.log('stderr ', child.stderr);注:下面的代码仍然可以使用,但主要针对ES5和之前的用户。使用Node.js生成子进程的模块在文献资料(5.0.0节)。若要执行命令并将其完整输出作为缓冲区获取,请使用child_process.exec:var exec = require('child_process').exec;var cmd = 'prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf';
exec(cmd, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
// command output is in stdout});如果您需要在流中处理流程I/O,例如当您期望获得大量的输出时,请使用child_process.spawn:var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;var child = spawn('prince', [
'-v', 'builds/pdf/book.html',
'-o', 'builds/pdf/book.pdf']);child.stdout.on('data', function(chunk) {
// output will be here in chunks});// or if you want to send output elsewherechild.stdout.pipe(dest);如果正在执行文件而不是命令,则可能需要使用child_process.execFile,哪些参数几乎与spawn,但是有第四个回调参数,如exec用于检索输出缓冲区。看起来可能有点像这样:var execFile = require('child_process').execFile;execFile(file, args, options, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
// command output is in stdout});截至v0.11.12,Node现在支持同步。spawn和exec..上面描述的所有方法都是异步的,并且具有同步对应。他们的文件可以找到这里..虽然它们对脚本很有用,但请注意,与异步生成子进程所用的方法不同,同步方法不返回ChildProcess.