php连接MySQL数据库和控制台MySQL数据库中文乱码问题？

1.环境是：

是用的xampp自带的数据库配置的。
字符集信息：

MariaDB [testdb2]> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                           |
| character_set_connection | utf8                           |
| character_set_database   | utf8                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8                           |
| character_set_server     | utf8                           |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | X:\xampp\mysql\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

2.问题出现在：
操作1：用php插入数据（包含中文），并在浏览器中显示查询结果。
操作2：用控制台插入数据（包含中文），并在控制台显示查询结果。

Case1：
因为操作台是gbk编码，所以如果set names gbk; 并且数据库、数据表都设置gbk，那么操作2正常，但用php查询并将查询结果返回在浏览器中就乱码。
控制台中代码如下：

MariaDB [testdb2]> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                            |
| character_set_connection | gbk                            |
| character_set_database   | utf8                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | gbk                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                           |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | X:\xampp\mysql\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> select * from ceshibiao
    -> ;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> insert into ceshibiao(hanzi,pinyin) values("哈哈哈","hhh");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> select * from ceshibiao;
+--------+--------+
| hanzi  | pinyin |
+--------+--------+
| 哈哈哈 | hhh    |
+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

PHP代码如下：

<?php
    header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
    $dbhost = 'localhost:3306';
    $dbuser = 'zzjzxh';
    $dbpass = '*******';
    $dbname = 'testdb2';
    $mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost,$dbuser,$dbpass,$dbname);
    if ($mysqli->connect_error)
    {
        echo "database error";
        echo "<br>";
    }
    else
    {
        echo "php env successfully";
        echo "<br>";
    }
    $sql = "SELECT hanzi,pinyin FROM ceshibiao;";
    $result = $mysqli->query($sql)->fetch_array();
    print($sql);
    print("----");
    print_r($result);
    print("<br>");
?>

结果：

//我的想法是：在存储过程中是用的gbk编码，但在显示时使用utf-8编码，所以导致解码时错误出现乱码。

Case2：
在控制台输入chcp 65001
控制台也使用utf-8编码

控制台查看数据库字符集信息：

MariaDB [testdb2]> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                           |
| character_set_connection | utf8                           |
| character_set_database   | utf8                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8                           |
| character_set_server     | utf8                           |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | X:\xampp\mysql\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> select * from ceshibiao;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

PHP进行插入和查询：

<?php
    header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8");

    $dbhost = 'localhost:3306';
    $dbuser = 'zzjzxh';
    $dbpass = '*******';
    $dbname = 'testdb2';
    $mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost,$dbuser,$dbpass,$dbname);
    if ($mysqli->connect_error)
    {
        echo "database error";
        echo "<br>";
    }
    else
    {
        echo "php env successfully";
        echo "<br>";
    }
    
    $mysqli->query("set names utf8;");
    $check = $mysqli->query("insert into ceshibiao(hanzi,pinyin) values('啊啊','aa');");
    if (!$check) print("插入失败！<br>");

    $sql = "SELECT hanzi,pinyin FROM ceshibiao;";
    $result = $mysqli->query($sql)->fetch_array();
    print($sql);
    print("----");
    print_r($result);
    print("<br>");
?>

结果:

是可以正常显示中文的。在控制台中：

MariaDB [testdb2]> select * from ceshibiao;
+--------+--------+
| hanzi  | pinyin |
+--------+--------+
| 啊啊   | aa     |
+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

也是可以查询的。
但是在控制台中插入中文就会出错：

MariaDB [testdb2]> truncate table ceshibiao;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> insert into ceshibiao(hanzi,pinyin) values("搜得死","sds");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

MariaDB [testdb2]> select * from ceshibiao;
+-------+--------+
| hanzi | pinyin |
+-------+--------+
| ???   | sds    |
+-------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再用PHP查询结果：

同样乱码。