python多维数组改变元素值的坑？

Question

>>> l=[[0 for i in range(10)] for i in range(10)]
>>> l
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> l[0][0]=23
>>> l
[[23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> n=[[0]*10 for i in range(10)]
>>> n
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> n[0][0]=23
>>> n
[[23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> N=[[0]*10]*10
>>> N
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> N[0][0]=23
>>> N
[[23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> arr=[0 for i in range(10)]
>>> L=[arr for i in range(10)]
>>> L
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> L[0][0]=23
>>> L
[[23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> 

为什么l和n能正确修改，L和N修改了每个子列表的首元素值？

Answer 1

因为 l 和 n 生成每个子列表都是不同的； 而 L 和 N 生成的每个子列表，都是相同的，都是指向同一个列表对象； 判断依据，可以通过： id(l[0], l[1]) 看两个子列表地址（l 替换成相应的 N,n,L,l） 另外： 对于：N = [[0] * 10 ] * 10` 可以理解成： 1. x = [0] * 10 2. N = [x * 10] => 很明显，仅仅将 x 这个对象的引用复制了 10 次而已 而对于： arr=[0 for i in range(10)] L=[arr for i in range(10)] 这个就更好理解了，遍历那么都次，存的还是同一个索引，这个稍微改下就能正常： L=[copy.copy(arr) for i in range(10)]