2回答

• 

  慕粉1720382552

  2017-06-26 17:29:39

  前来挖坟。留下个人理解，供后面同学参考。

  对于第一个all的理解，比如用xshell远程登陆linux，物理机ip是192.168.1.100，把这个ip写到第一个all的位置，使用sudo，会提示不可以，但是把虚拟机中linux的ip写到这个位置去，就可以使用sudo了。因此，第一个all位置的确是被管理主机的ip地址，而不是用户登录的ip地址，当然，很多时候两者有重叠。

  还有，老师举例j的jack   CSNETS = ALL中有这样一句：

  The user jack may run any command on the machines in the CSNETS alias (the networks 128.138.243.0,128.138.204.0, and 128.138.242.0).

  这一句翻译起来很容易使人产生疑惑，会认为是用户登陆的主机IP，我个人理解是即便我们使用远程连接登录上服务器，但执行指令还是在服务器上，而不是我们操作的计算机上，这里的machines还是指被管理的主机，不然的话，这种sudo机制，就局限在规定的几台计算机上了。

  
  

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• 

  enjie

  2016-01-02 09:55:41

  命令英文全称
  

  su：Swith user  切换用户，切换到root用户
  cat: Concatenate  串联
  uname: Unix name  系统名称
  df: Disk free  空余硬盘
  du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
  chown: Change owner 改变所有者
  chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
  ps：Process Status  进程状态
  tar：Tape archive 解压文件
  chmod: Change mode 改变模式
  umount: Unmount 卸载
  ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
  insmod：Install module 安装模块
  rmmod：Remove module 删除模块
  lsmod：List module 列表模块
  alias :Create your own name for a command
  bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell  linux内核
  grep:global regular expression print
  httpd :Start Apache
  ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
  ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
  reboot: Restart your computer
  sudo:Superuser do
  
  /bin = BINaries
  /dev = DEVices
  /etc = ETCetera
  /lib = LIBrary
  /proc = PROCesses
  /sbin = Superuser BINaries
  /tmp = TeMPorary
  /usr = Unix Shared Resources
  /var = VARiable ?
  FIFO = First In, First Out
  GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
  IFS = Internal Field Seperators
  LILO = LInux LOader
  MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language
  PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
  PS = Prompt String
  Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
  Python Monty Python's Flying Circus
  Tcl = Tool Command Language
  Tk = ToolKit
  VT = Video Terminal
  YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
  apache = "a patchy" server
  apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
  ar = archiver
  as = assembler
  bash = Bourne Again SHell
  bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
  bg = BackGround
  cal = CALendar
  cat = CATenate
  cd = Change Directory
  chgrp = CHange GRouP
  chmod = CHange MODe
  chown = CHange OWNer
  chsh = CHange SHell
  cmp = compare
  cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
  comm = common
  cp = CoPy
  cpio = CoPy In and Out
  cpp = C Pre Processor
  cups = Common Unix Printing System
  cvs = Current Version System
  daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
  dc = Desk Calculator
  dd = Disk Dump
  df = Disk Free
  diff = DIFFerence
  dmesg = diagnostic message
  du = Disk Usage
  ed = editor
  egrep = Extended GREP
  elf = Extensible Linking Format
  elm = ELectronic Mail
  emacs = Editor MACroS
  eval = EVALuate
  ex = EXtended
  exec = EXECute
  fd = file descriptors
  fg = ForeGround
  fgrep = Fixed GREP
  fmt = format
  fsck = File System ChecK
  fstab = FileSystem TABle
  fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
  gawk = GNU AWK
  gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
  groff = GNU troff
  hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
  joe = Joe's Own Editor
  ksh = Korn SHell
  lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
  lex = LEXical analyser
  lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
  ln = LiNk
  lpr = Line PRint
  ls = list
  lsof = LiSt Open Files
  m4 = Macro processor Version 4
  man = MANual pages
  mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
  mc = Midnight Commander
  mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
  mknod = MaKe NODe
  motd = Message of The Day
  mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
  mtab = Mount TABle
  mv = MoVe
  nano = Nano's ANOther editor
  nawk = New AWK
  nl = Number of Lines
  nm = names
  nohup = No HangUP
  nroff = New ROFF
  od = Octal Dump
  passwd = PASSWorD
  pg = pager
  pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
  pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
  ping =  Packet InterNet Grouper
  pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
  popd = POP Directory
  pr = pre
  printf = PRINT Formatted
  ps = Processes Status
  pty = pseudo tty
  pushd = PUSH Directory
  pwd = Print Working Directory
  rc = runcom = run command, shell
  rev = REVerse
  rm = ReMove
  rn = Read News
  roff = RunOFF
  rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
  rsh, rlogin, = Remote
  rxvt = ouR XVT
  sed = Stream EDitor
  seq = SEQuence
  shar = SHell ARchive
  slrn = S-Lang rn
  ssh = Secure SHell
  ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
  stty = Set TTY
  su = Substitute User
  svn = SubVersioN
  tar = Tape ARchive
  tcsh = TENEX C shell
  telnet = TEminaL over Network
  termcap = terminal capability
  terminfo = terminal information
  tr = traslate
  troff = Typesetter new ROFF
  tsort = Topological SORT
  tty = TeleTypewriter
  twm = Tom's Window Manager
  tz = TimeZone
  udev = Userspace DEV
  ulimit = User's LIMIT
  umask = User's MASK
  uniq = UNIQue
  vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
  vim = Vi IMproved
  wall = write all
  wc = Word Count
  wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
  xargs = eXtended ARGuments
  xdm = X Display Manager
  xlfd = X Logical Font Description
  xmms = X Multimedia System
  xrdb = X Resources DataBase
  xwd = X Window Dump
  yacc = yet another compiler compiler
  

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