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这个Python脚本[*]正是这样做的："""Show/Modify/Append registry env-vars (ie `PATH`) and notify Windows-applications to pickup changes.First attempts to show/modify HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (all users), and if not accessible due to admin-rights missing, fails-back to HKEY_CURRENT_USER.Write and Delete operations do not proceed to user-tree if all-users succeed.Syntax: {prog} : Print all env-vars. {prog} VARNAME : Print value for VARNAME. {prog} VARNAME VALUE : Set VALUE for VARNAME. {prog} +VARNAME VALUE : Append VALUE in VARNAME delimeted with ';' (i.e. used for `PATH`). {prog} -VARNAME : Delete env-var value. Note that the current command-window will not be affected, changes would apply only for new command-windows."""import winregimport os, sys, win32gui, win32condef reg_key(tree, path, varname): return '%s\%s:%s' % (tree, path, varname) def reg_entry(tree, path, varname, value): return '%s=%s' % (reg_key(tree, path, varname), value)def query_value(key, varname): value, type_id = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, varname) return valuedef yield_all_entries(tree, path, key): i = 0 while True: try: n,v,t = winreg.EnumValue(key, i) yield reg_entry(tree, path, n, v) i += 1 except OSError: break ## Expected, this is how iteration ends.def notify_windows(action, tree, path, varname, value): win32gui.SendMessage(win32con.HWND_BROADCAST, win32con.WM_SETTINGCHANGE, 0, 'Environment') print("---%s %s" % (action, reg_entry(tree, path, varname, value)), file=sys.stderr)def manage_registry_env_vars(varname=None, value=None): reg_keys = [ ('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment'), ('HKEY_CURRENT_USER', r'Environment'), ] for (tree_name, path) in reg_keys: tree = eval('winreg.%s'%tree_name) try: with winreg.ConnectRegistry(None, tree) as reg: with winreg.OpenKey(reg, path, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS) as key: if not varname: for regent in yield_all_entries(tree_name, path, key): print(regent) else: if not value: if varname.startswith('-'): varname = varname[1:] value = query_value(key, varname) winreg.DeleteValue(key, varname) notify_windows("Deleted", tree_name, path, varname, value) break ## Don't propagate into user-tree. else: value = query_value(key, varname) print(reg_entry(tree_name, path, varname, value)) else: if varname.startswith('+'): varname = varname[1:] value = query_value(key, varname) + ';' + value winreg.SetValueEx(key, varname, 0, winreg.REG_EXPAND_SZ, value) notify_windows("Updated", tree_name, path, varname, value) break ## Don't propagate into user-tree. except PermissionError as ex: print("!!!Cannot access %s due to: %s" % (reg_key(tree_name, path, varname), ex), file=sys.stderr) except FileNotFoundError as ex: print("!!!Cannot find %s due to: %s" % (reg_key(tree_name, path, varname), ex), file=sys.stderr)if __name__=='__main__': args = sys.argv argc = len(args) if argc > 3: print(__doc__.format(prog=args[0]), file=sys.stderr) sys.exit() manage_registry_env_vars(*args[1:])下面是一些用法示例，假设已将其保存在setenv.py当前路径中某个位置的文件中。请注意，在这些示例中，我没有admin权限，因此更改仅影响本地用户的注册表树：> REM ## Print all env-vars> setenv.py!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is deniedHKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=......> REM ## Query env-var:> setenv.py PATH C:\foo!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied!!!Cannot find HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified> REM ## Set env-var:> setenv.py PATH C:\foo!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied---Set HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=C:\foo> REM ## Append env-var:> setenv.py +PATH D:\Bar!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied---Set HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH=C:\foo;D:\Bar> REM ## Delete env-var:> setenv.py -PATH!!!Cannot access HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment:PATH due to: [WinError 5] Access is denied---Deleted HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment:PATH[*]改编自：http : //code.activestate.com/recipes/416087-persistent-environment-variables-on-windows/