swit 的三目运算符
var errorMessage: String? = nil
let message1 = errorMessage ?? "no Error"
let message2 = errorMessage == nil ? "no error" : errorMessage
errorMessage?.uppercased()
"?" 尝试进行解包
errorMessage!.uppercased()
"!"强制进行解包
errormessage?.upercasString
let message =er ?? "not found"