JDBC（通俗易懂）简单的操作（增、删、改、查）@慕课网原创_慕课网

是时候再写点东西啦，保持一个好的习惯，那么这次就讲下JDBC的基本操作吧~
JDBC还是相对简单的，关键在于入手的角度，那么就讲下常用的MVC模型视图控制器吧~
下面我贴出了JAVA项目所写的类：

上面的图片是几个类，分别是：
①、DButil 这里面写的是动态加载数据库驱动，以及获取java.sql.Connection的对象。
②、Personmodel 这里面写的是数据库列（栏位）所对应的字段，里面还定义了相应的set和get方法。
③、Persondao 这里面写的主要是对数据库相应的增删改查方法。
④、Personaction 这个是对Persondao里面增删改查方法的进一步补充完善，后面我会讲解。
⑤、Personview 这个就是对应的将要展示数据的类了
下面我再分别贴出各个①②③④⑤的代码，然后细致讲解吧~
首先说①吧，下面是代码：

package DB;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DButil {
    private static Connection connection;
    static {
        try {
 //动态加载数据库驱动，注意要下载JDBC的jar包
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//获得链接
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
                    "jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.103:3306/testjdbc", "root",
                    "15090183397");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection() {
        return connection;
    }

}

首先我定义了静态变量 connection，然后在静态代码段里面动态加载了数据库驱动，并获得了链接connection对象，然后我定义了get方法获取到了该connection对象，（注意一般尽可能的把不需要创建对象的的工具类里面的方法定义成静态的，通过类名直接调用，不需要创建对象占用空间并且简化代码），以后需要与数据库建立连接进行相关操作的话，只要调用DButil的getconnection()方法即可（实现代码的复用并且简化代码）。
下面说②吧，代码如下：

package DBmodel;

import java.util.Date;

public class Personmodel {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private String birthday;
    private String phone;
    private String email;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

}

没错，就是以下人物信息字段，并且有对应的set和get方法（注意体现封装通过set方法给相应变量赋值，get方法获取相应字段的值，而不是直接操作相应变量，具体封装的好处我不再啰嗦，可自行百度），然后大家可能蒙蔽了，我贴出数据库设计表估计你就明白了，下面上图：

看到没，Personmodel这个模型类的作用就是为了对应数据库的相应列（栏位），然后将数据库相应栏位的操作对应到Personmodel类的某个对象中，然后进行操作，这就是Personmodel模型类的作用。
下面是③，代码如下：

package Dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

import DB.DButil;
import DBmodel.Personmodel;

public class Persondao {
    private static List<Personmodel> personmodels = new ArrayList<Personmodel>();
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void addperson(Personmodel personmodel) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();
        String sql = " insert person " + " (name,sex,birthday,phone,email) "
                + " values(?,?,?,?,?);";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setString(1, personmodel.getName());
        preparedStatement.setString(2, personmodel.getSex());
        preparedStatement.setString(3, personmodel.getBirthday());
        preparedStatement.setString(4, personmodel.getEmail());
        preparedStatement.setString(5, personmodel.getEmail());
        preparedStatement.execute();

    }

    public static void deleteperson(Integer id) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();

        String sql = " delete from person " + "  where id=?;";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, id);
        preparedStatement.execute();
        System.out.println("指定记录删除成功！");

    }

    public static void updateperson(Personmodel personmodel)
            throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();
        String sql = " update person "
                + " set name=?,sex=?,birthday=?,phone=?,email=?"
                + " where id=?;";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setString(1, personmodel.getName());
        preparedStatement.setString(2, personmodel.getSex());
        preparedStatement.setString(3, personmodel.getBirthday());
        preparedStatement.setString(4, personmodel.getPhone());
        preparedStatement.setString(5, personmodel.getEmail());
        preparedStatement.setInt(6, personmodel.getId());
        preparedStatement.execute();

    }

    public static Personmodel queryoneperson(Integer id) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();
        String sql = "select  *  from person " + "  where id=?;";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, id);
        ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            Personmodel personmodel = new Personmodel();
            personmodel.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            personmodel.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            personmodel.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            personmodel.setBirthday(resultSet.getString("birthday"));
            personmodel.setPhone(resultSet.getString("phone"));
            personmodel.setEmail(resultSet.getString("email"));
            return personmodel;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static List<Personmodel> queryonepersonbyname(String name)
            throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();
        String sql = "select  *  from person " + "  where name=?;";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
        ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        Personmodel personmodel = null;
        List<Personmodel> list = new ArrayList<Personmodel>();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            personmodel = new Personmodel();
            personmodel.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            personmodel.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            personmodel.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            personmodel.setBirthday(resultSet.getString("birthday"));
            personmodel.setPhone(resultSet.getString("phone"));
            personmodel.setEmail(resultSet.getString("email"));
            list.add(personmodel);
        }
        return list;

    }

    public static List<Personmodel> queryallperson() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DButil.getConnection();
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select * from person");
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            Personmodel personmodel = new Personmodel();
            personmodel.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            personmodel.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            personmodel.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            personmodel.setBirthday(resultSet.getString("birthday"));
            personmodel.setPhone(resultSet.getString("phone"));
            personmodel.setEmail(resultSet.getString("email"));
            personmodels.add(personmodel);
        }

        return personmodels;
    }
}

这里面写的是数据库的增删改查操作，首先看第一个方法是增加方法addperson()大家看方法里面代码，先获得connection对象，然后获得预编译对象 preparedStatement ，注意获得对象时调用方法的sql字符串参数，那个是将来要执行的SQL语句，下面preparedStatement的setxxx方法,里面第一个参数值对应sql字符串里面的相应?，第二个参数用了Personmodel的get方法（ preparedStatement .setxxx参数意义可百度或查阅api），然后你会问了，那是什么时候进行的set赋值呢？问得好，这时候Personaction类的意义就显示出来了，里面有相对应的方法对Persondao的增删改查补充完善的相应方法，采用该方式逻辑更加清晰，我举例了addperson()增加记录方法的解释，其他类似。
下面是④，代码如下：

package Action;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

import DBmodel.Personmodel;
import Dao.Persondao;

public class Personaction {
    // private static Persondao persondao;
    private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void addone() throws SQLException {
        Personmodel personmodel = new Personmodel();
        System.out.println("请依次输入要新增记录的以下属性值~");
        System.out.println("姓名:");
        personmodel.setName(scanner.next());
        System.out.println("性别:");
        personmodel.setSex(scanner.next());
        System.out.println("生日(例如：1994-01-01):");
        personmodel.setBirthday(scanner.next());
        System.out.println("电话:");
        personmodel.setPhone(scanner.next());
        System.out.println("邮箱:");
        personmodel.setEmail(scanner.next());
        Persondao.addperson(personmodel);
        System.out.println("指定记录添加成功！");
    }

    public static boolean deleteone() throws SQLException {
        List<Personmodel> personmodels = Persondao.queryallperson();
        String stringid = null;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入要删除记录的指定id：");
            stringid = scanner.next();
            if (!stringid.matches("\\d+")) {
                System.out.println("请输入正整数！");
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        int id = Integer.valueOf(stringid);
        for (Personmodel personmodel : personmodels) {
            if (personmodel.getId() == id) {
                Persondao.deleteperson(id);
                System.out.println("删除成功，删除id为" + id + "的数据~");
                return true;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("删除失败，指定id不存在~");
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean update() throws SQLException {
        List<Personmodel> personmodels = Persondao.queryallperson();
        String stringid = null;

        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入要修改记录的指定id：");
            stringid = scanner.next();
            if (!stringid.matches("\\d+")) {
                System.out.println("请输入正整数！");
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        int id = Integer.valueOf(stringid);
        for (Personmodel personmodel2 : personmodels) {
            if (personmodel2.getId() == id) {
                Personmodel personmodel = new Personmodel();
                personmodel.setId(id);
                System.out.println("请依次输入要更改记录的以下属性值~");
                System.out.println("姓名:");
                personmodel.setName(scanner.next());
                System.out.println("性别:");
                personmodel.setSex(scanner.next());
                System.out.println("生日(例如：1994-01-01):");
                personmodel.setBirthday(scanner.next());
                System.out.println("电话:");
                personmodel.setPhone(scanner.next());
                System.out.println("邮箱:");
                personmodel.setEmail(scanner.next());
                Persondao.updateperson(personmodel);
                System.out.println("指定记录修改成功！");

                return true;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("要修改的id记录不存在！");
        return false;

    }

    public static boolean selectone() throws SQLException {
        List<Personmodel> personmodels = Persondao.queryallperson();
        String stringid = null;
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入要查询记录的指定id：");
            stringid = scanner.next();
            if (!stringid.matches("\\d+")) {
                System.out.println("请输入正整数！");
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        int id = Integer.valueOf(stringid);
        for (Personmodel personmodel : personmodels) {
            if (personmodel.getId() == id) {
                personmodel = Persondao.queryoneperson(id);
                System.out.println("查询成功，id为" + id + "的数据：");
                System.out.print("|");
                System.out.print("学生编号：" + personmodel.getId() + "   ");
                System.out.print("姓名：" + personmodel.getName() + "   ");
                System.out.print("性别：" + personmodel.getSex() + "   ");
                System.out.print("生日：" + personmodel.getBirthday() + "   ");
                System.out.print("电话：" + personmodel.getPhone() + "   ");
                System.out.print("邮件：" + personmodel.getEmail() + "   ");
                System.out.println();
                return true;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("查询失败，指定id不存在~");
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean selectonebyname() throws SQLException {
        List<Personmodel> personmodels = Persondao.queryallperson();
        System.out.println("请输入要查询记录的指定姓名：");
        String name = scanner.next();
        for (Personmodel personmodel2 : personmodels) {
            if (personmodel2.getName().equals(name)) {
                List<Personmodel> list = Persondao.queryonepersonbyname(name);
                for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                    Personmodel personmodel = list.get(i);
                    System.out.println("查询成功，姓名为" + name + "的数据：");
                    System.out.print("|");
                    System.out.print("学生编号：" + personmodel.getId() + "   ");
                    System.out.print("姓名：" + personmodel.getName() + "   ");
                    System.out.print("性别：" + personmodel.getSex() + "   ");
                    System.out.print("生日：" + personmodel.getBirthday() + "   ");
                    System.out.print("电话：" + personmodel.getPhone() + "   ");
                    System.out.print("邮件：" + personmodel.getEmail() + "   ");
                    System.out.println();
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("查询失败，指定id不存在~");
        return false;
    }

    public static void selectall() throws SQLException {
        List<Personmodel> personmodels = Persondao.queryallperson();
        for (Personmodel personmodel : personmodels) {
            System.out.print("|");
            System.out.print("学生编号：" + personmodel.getId() + "   ");
            System.out.print("姓名：" + personmodel.getName() + "   ");
            System.out.print("性别：" + personmodel.getSex() + "   ");
            System.out.print("生日：" + personmodel.getBirthday() + "   ");
            System.out.print("电话：" + personmodel.getPhone() + "   ");
            System.out.print("邮件：" + personmodel.getEmail() + "   ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

刚才讲③的时候，为了大家的方便理解我顺带解释了④，大家看代码即可，我不再赘述啦。需要注意的一点是，我进行了控制台输入语句的判断，判断是否是合法类型。
最后是⑤，代码如下：

package View;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;

import Action.Personaction;
import Dao.Persondao;

public class Personview {
    public static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("以下是数据库的各种操作：（标号为对应操作）");
            System.out.println("0、退出数据库操作：");
            System.out.println("1、查询全部记录：");
            System.out.println("2、新增单条记录：");
            System.out.println("3、更新单条记录：");
            System.out.println("4、查询单条记录(通过id查询)：");
            System.out.println("5、查询部分记录(通过name查询)：");
            System.out.println("6、删除单条记录(通过id删除)：");

            String actionid = scanner.next();
//  ("\\d+")是正则表达是，判断是否是数字
            if (!actionid.matches("\\d+")) {
                System.out.println("请输入正整数！");
                continue;
            }
            int idchose = Integer.valueOf(actionid);
            if (idchose == 0) {
                break;
            }
            switch (idchose) {

            case 1:
                Personaction.selectall();
                break;
            case 2:
                Personaction.addone();
                break;
            case 3:
                Personaction.update();
                break;
            case 4:
                Personaction.selectone();
                break;
            case 5:
                Personaction.selectonebyname();
                break;
            case 6:
                Personaction.deleteone();
                break;
            case 7:

                break;

            default:
                System.out.println("请选择0-7之间操作~");
                break;
            }
        }

        // persondao = new Persondao();
        // Personaction.addone();
        // Personaction.deleteone();
        // Personaction.selectall();
        // Personaction.selectone();
        // Personaction.update();
        // Personaction.selectonebyname();
    }

}

注意看我的Personview的逻辑设计，主要采用了while循环的方式，不过也有相应的退出操作以及判断是否合法代码，感觉这种方式的设计还是相当容易看懂的。
以上要分享的代码都贴了，该说的也说了，相信大家也都看得明白吧，如果你觉得我的文章对你有帮助的话，还希望你点赞、分享、转发，让更多的人看到，互相学习，交流！好了，大家下篇文章见~~

JDBC（通俗易懂）简单的操作（增、删、改、查）原创