一、注册npm账号
前往https://www.npmjs.com注册一个账号。
npmjs
二、制作npm包
1.建立一个仓库，这里以cat-jsutils为例
cat-jsutils
这里需要注意下名称，因为如果被占用，无法使用npm install直接安装。
判断是否被占用，可使用npm search xxx来判断
未占用
cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$ npm search cat-jsutils No matches found for "cat-jsutils"
已占用
cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$ npm search jsutils NAME | DESCRIPTION | AUTHOR | DATE | VERSION | KEYWORDS jsutils | Utilities for… | =sethyuan | 2016-04-25 | 0.6.1 | util js javascript node.js node nodejs utils u fwsp-jsutils | JavaScript Utils -… | =emadum =cjus | 2017-04-04 | 1.0.10 | flywheelsports javascript utils @mreck/jsutils | JavaScript… | =mreck | 2018-04-14 | 2.0.0 |sbiger-jsutil | Javascript common… | =sbiger | 2016-12-26 | 1.3.32 | javscript utilities ES6 ES5 js util m-jsutils | js utils | =limi58 | 2017-07-23 | 1.0.1 | utils jsutilities | Javascript common… | =jcde | 2016-07-08 | 1.0.6 | jsutils2 | "Various utility… | =milesman34 | 2017-11-22 | 2.0.0 | org.mineot.jsutil | Javascript Util… | =mineot | 2018-01-26 | 0.0.5 | javascript js jsutil util i18next translation h-jsutils | javascript utils | =haven09 | 2018-01-11 | 1.0.0 | js javascript utils jsutility | A collection of… | =deepaksibar | 2016-08-27 | 0.0.0 | css jsutil | A utilities package… | =gm12306 | 2013-03-20 | 0.1.3 | util mixin extend @ikyhdst/jsutils | Utility files for… | =ikyhdst | 2018-01-17 | 0.0.1 | rb-jsutils | | =dhanna | 2016-06-29 | 0.9.0 | @moodxd/jsutil-openable | JavaScript Utility… | =moodxd | 2017-03-08 | 1.0.3 | @moodxd/jsutil-stickable | JavaScript Utility… | =moodxd | 2017-03-08 | 1.0.3 |
2.Clone仓库到本地 & cd到cat-jsutils，执行npm init
cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:Github catchzeng$ cd cat-jsutils/
cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$ npm init
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fieldsand exactly what they do.
Use `npm install <pkg>` afterwards to install a package andsave it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
package name: (cat-jsutils)version: (1.0.0)description: js utils
entry point: (index.js)
test command:git repository: (https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils)keywords: util utils js javascript node utility utilitiesauthor: CatchZenglicense: (ISC) MIT
About to write to /Users/catchzeng/Documents/Code/Github/cat-jsutils/package.json:{ "name": "cat-jsutils", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "js utils", "main": "index.js", "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
}, "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils.git"
}, "keywords": [ "util", "utils", "js", "javascript", "node", "utility", "utilities"
], "author": "CatchZeng", "license": "MIT", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils/issues"
}, "homepage": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils#readme"}3.新建index.js【根据上一步的entry point: (index.js)指定】，组织代码结构，这里以cat-jsutils为例
屏幕快照 2018-04-17 下午6.13.24.png
//number.jsfunction isNum(value) { return (typeof value === 'number') && !isNaN(parseFloat(value)) && isFinite(value);
}module.exports = {
isNum,
}//string.jsfunction isString(value) { return typeof value === 'string' || value instanceof String;
}
...
...
module.exports = {
isString,
contains,
containsAny,
containsAll,
};//index.jsvar utils = {};
utils.string = require('./src/string');
utils.number = require('./src/number');module.exports = utils;4.在package.json中指定版本号，并提交代码到github上
{ "name": "cat-jsutils", "version": "1.0.1", "description": "js utils", "main": "index.js",
...
}三、发布npm包
到项目跟目录下，执行publish命令
cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$ npm publish + cat-jsutils@1.0.1cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$
发布成功后就可以在https://www.npmjs.com上看到自己的项目
四、更新版本
更新package.json中的版本号，并提交代码到github上，重新publish npm包即可
{ "name": "cat-jsutils", "version": "1.0.2", "description": "js utils", "main": "index.js",
...
}cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$ npm publish + cat-jsutils@1.0.2cenghaihandeMacBook-Pro:cat-jsutils catchzeng$
五、变优雅
何为优雅，先看下express这个仓库比我们自己的仓库优雅在哪里
express
1.Logo
这么吗，我不是设计师，有美感的朋友自己设计一个吧，这里我随便做一个了。
logo
2.npm version badge
npm
增加这个其实只要在README中增加
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/仓库名)
以cat-jsutils为例子
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cat-jsutils)
3.CI状态
关于持续集成理论部分，可以看之前的文章持续集成 -- 理论篇。一般开源项目会选用travis-ci。
CI
使用github账号登录travis-ci，然后打开需要持续集成的项目
travis-ci
在项目中增加.travis.yml文件，用于配置持续集成的构建步骤。这里以cat-jsutils为例，里面只执行了单元测试
language: node_js node_js: - stable script: npm run test
说明：cat-jsutils的测试使用的是mocha+chai+istanbul，详见package.json
{ "name": "cat-jsutils", "version": "1.0.1", "description": "js utils", "main": "index.js", "scripts": { "test": "mocha", "coverage": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -R spec --timeout 5000 --recursive", "coverage:check": "istanbul check-coverage"
}, "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils.git"
}, "keywords": [ "util", "utils", "js", "javascript", "node", "utility", "utilities"
], "author": "CatchZeng", "license": "MIT", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils/issues"
}, "homepage": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils#readme", "devDependencies": { "chai": "^4.1.2", "istanbul": "^0.4.5", "mocha": "^5.1.0"
}
}提交.travis.yml后变会触发构建，可以到travis-ci查看构建过程。
travis-ci
屏幕快照 2018-04-17 下午8.12.34.png
点击构建成功的图标就会弹出地址
屏幕快照 2018-04-17 下午8.15.35.png
将该地址放到README上即可。以cat-jsutils为例子
[](https://travis-ci.org/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils)
4.测试覆盖率
显示测试覆盖率，我们需要借助coveralls。
同样的使用github账户登录coveralls，然后开启对应的项目
coveralls
点击details，查看repo_token并复制，后面会使用到。
屏幕快照 2018-04-17 下午8.23.38.png
安装coveralls
npm i coveralls -D
安装travis
gem install travis
执行encrypt，COVERALLS_TOKEN就是刚才复制的repo_token
travis encrypt COVERALLS_TOKEN=JGOXXXXXXXXXXXXXqKVJ --add
执行之后会发现.travis.yml下多出env，这个环境变量能帮助我们将测试覆盖率安全上传到coveralls
env: global: - secure: 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
加入cover脚本
"cover": "istanbul cover --report lcov node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- -R spec test/*.js"
看下最后的.travis.yml文件和 package.json
language: node_js node_js: - stable script: npm run test after_script: npm run cover && cat coverage/lcov.info | node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js env: global: - secure: 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
{ "name": "cat-jsutils", "version": "1.0.1", "description": "js utils", "main": "index.js", "scripts": { "test": "mocha", "coverage": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -R spec --timeout 5000 --recursive", "coverage:check": "istanbul check-coverage", "cover": "istanbul cover --report lcov node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- -R spec test/*.js"
}, "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils.git"
}, "keywords": [ "util", "utils", "js", "javascript", "node", "utility", "utilities"
], "author": "CatchZeng", "license": "MIT", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils/issues"
}, "homepage": "https://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils#readme", "devDependencies": { "chai": "^4.1.2", "coveralls": "^3.0.0", "istanbul": "^0.4.5", "mocha": "^5.1.0"
}
}5.小结
至此，我们完成了提交代码-》travis-》mocha单元测试-》istanbul覆盖率-》coveralls-》github显示npm版本、ci、覆盖率状态。
6.README
完善的README会让开源变得更加优雅。
加入Installation、Usgae、API等描述能帮助使用者更会上手，详细请参考README.md。
六、总结
本文从npm包的制作、发布到优化，讲述了如何较好地开源npm包，当然还有需要不足。欢迎感兴趣的朋友一起讨论、优化。
最后附上测试项目地址： http://github.com/CatchZeng/cat-jsutils
作者：CatchZeng
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b5a49d544f1f