介绍
本篇介绍Android获取本机各种类型文件的方法,已经封装成工具类,末尾有源码下载地址。
提示
获取音乐、视频、图片、文档等文件是需要有读取SD卡的权限的,如果是6.0以下的系统,则直接在清单文件中声明SD卡读取权限即可;如果是6.0或以上,则需要动态申请权限。
FileManager的使用
FileManager是封装好的用于获取本机各类文件的工具类,使用方式如:FileManager.getInstance(Context context).getMusics(),使用的是单例模式创建:
private static FileManager mInstance;private static Context mContext;public static ContentResolver mContentResolver;private static Object mLock = new Object();public static FileManager getInstance(Context context){ if (mInstance == null){ synchronized (mLock){ if (mInstance == null){
mInstance = new FileManager();
mContext = context;
mContentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
}
}
} return mInstance;
}获取音乐列表
/**
* 获取本机音乐列表
* @return
*/private static List<Music> getMusics() {
ArrayList<Music> musics = new ArrayList<>();
Cursor c = null; try {
c = mContentResolver.query(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null,
MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER); while (c.moveToNext()) {
String path = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA));// 路径
if (FileUtils.isExists(path)) { continue;
}
String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME)); // 歌曲名
String album = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM)); // 专辑
String artist = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST)); // 作者
long size = c.getLong(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.SIZE));// 大小
int duration = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION));// 时长
int time = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID));// 歌曲的id
// int albumId = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM_ID));
Music music = new Music(name, path, album, artist, size, duration);
musics.add(music);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally { if (c != null) {
c.close();
}
} return musics;
}FileUtils中判断文件是否存在的方法isExists(String path),代码为:
/**
* 判断文件是否存在
* @param path 文件的路径
* @return
*/public static boolean isExists(String path) {
File file = new File(path); return file.exists();
}音乐的bean类Music代码为:
public class Music implements Comparable<Music> {
/**歌曲名*/
private String name; /**路径*/
private String path; /**所属专辑*/
private String album; /**艺术家(作者)*/
private String artist; /**文件大小*/
private long size; /**时长*/
private int duration; /**歌曲名的拼音,用于字母排序*/
private String pinyin; public Music(String name, String path, String album, String artist, long size, int duration) { this.name = name; this.path = path; this.album = album; this.artist = artist; this.size = size; this.duration = duration;
pinyin = PinyinUtils.getPinyin(name);
}
... //此处省略setter和getter方法}PinyinUtils根据名字获取拼音,主要是用于音乐列表A-Z的排序,需要依赖pinyin4j.jar,获取拼音的方法getPinyin(String name)代码为:
public static String getPinyin(String str) { // 设置拼音结果的格式
HanyuPinyinOutputFormat format = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
format.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.UPPERCASE);// 设置为大写形式
format.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);// 不用加入声调
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); char[] charArray = str.toCharArray(); for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++) { char c = charArray[i]; if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) {// 如果是空格则跳过
continue;
} if (isHanZi(c)) {// 如果是汉字
String s = ""; try { // toHanyuPinyinStringArray 返回一个字符串数组是因为该汉字可能是多音字,此处只取第一个结果
s = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(c, format)[0];
sb.append(s);
} catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
e.printStackTrace();
sb.append(s);
}
} else { // 不是汉字
if (i == 0) { if (isEnglish(c)) {// 第一个属于字母,则返回该字母
return String.valueOf(c).toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
} return "#"; // 不是的话返回#号
}
}
} return sb.toString();
}获取视频列表
/**
* 获取本机视频列表
* @return
*/private static List<Video> getVideos() {
List<Video> videos = new ArrayList<Video>();
Cursor c = null; try { // String[] mediaColumns = { "_id", "_data", "_display_name",
// "_size", "date_modified", "duration", "resolution" };
c = mContentResolver.query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, MediaStore.Video.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER); while (c.moveToNext()) {
String path = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA));// 路径
if (!FileUtils.isExists(path)) { continue;
} int id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID));// 视频的id
String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME)); // 视频名称
String resolution = c.getString(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.RESOLUTION)); //分辨率
long size = c.getLong(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE));// 大小
long duration = c.getLong(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION));// 时长
long date = c.getLong(c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED));//修改时间
Video video = new Video(id, path, name, resolution, size, date, duration);
videos.add(video);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally { if (c != null) {
c.close();
}
} return videos;
}其中,视频的bean类Video代码为:
public class Video { private int id = 0; private String path = null; private String name = null; private String resolution = null;// 分辨率
private long size = 0; private long date = 0; private long duration = 0; public Video(int id, String path, String name, String resolution, long size, long date, long duration) { this.id = id; this.path = path; this.name = name; this.resolution = resolution; this.size = size; this.date = date; this.duration = duration;
}
... //此处省略setter和getter方法}通过本地视频id获取视频缩略图
// 获取视频缩略图private static Bitmap getVideoThumbnail(int id) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inDither = false;
options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
bitmap = MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.getThumbnail(mContentResolver, id, MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.MICRO_KIND, options); return bitmap;
}上面获取视频列表的方法中,Video对象中有一个属性是id,通过传入这个id可以获取到视频缩略图的Bitmap对象。
获取本机所有图片文件夹
/**
* 得到图片文件夹集合
*/private static List<ImgFolderBean> getImageFolders() { List<ImgFolderBean> folders = new ArrayList<ImgFolderBean>(); // 扫描图片
Cursor c = null; try {
c = mContentResolver.query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null,
MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE + "= ? or " + MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE + "= ?", new String[]{"image/jpeg", "image/png"}, MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED); List<String> mDirs = new ArrayList<String>();//用于保存已经添加过的文件夹目录
while (c.moveToNext()) {
String path = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));// 路径
File parentFile = new File(path).getParentFile(); if (parentFile == null) continue;
String dir = parentFile.getAbsolutePath(); if (mDirs.contains(dir))//如果已经添加过
continue;
mDirs.add(dir);//添加到保存目录的集合中
ImgFolderBean folderBean = new ImgFolderBean();
folderBean.setDir(dir);
folderBean.setFistImgPath(path); if (parentFile.list() == null) continue;
int count = parentFile.list(new FilenameFilter() {
@Override public boolean accept(File dir, String filename) { if (filename.endsWith(".jpeg") || filename.endsWith(".jpg") || filename.endsWith(".png")) { return true;
} return false;
}
}).length;
folderBean.setCount(count);
folders.add(folderBean);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally { if (c != null) {
c.close();
}
} return folders;
}其中,图片文件夹的bean类ImgFolderBean代码为:
public class ImgFolderBean {
/**当前文件夹的路径*/
private String dir; /**第一张图片的路径,用于做文件夹的封面图片*/
private String fistImgPath; /**文件夹名*/
private String name; /**文件夹中图片的数量*/
private int count; public ImgFolderBean(String dir, String fistImgPath, String name, int count) { this.dir = dir; this.fistImgPath = fistImgPath; this.name = name; this.count = count;
}
... //此处省略setter和getter方法}获取图片文件夹下的图片路径的集合
/**
* 通过图片文件夹的路径获取该目录下的图片
*/private static List<String> getImgListByDir(String dir) {
ArrayList<String> imgPaths = new ArrayList<>();
File directory = new File(dir); if (directory == null || !directory.exists()) { return imgPaths;
}
File[] files = directory.listFiles(); for (File file : files) {
String path = file.getAbsolutePath(); if (FileUtils.isPicFile(path)) {
imgPaths.add(path);
}
} return imgPaths;
}获取本机已安装应用列表
/**
* 获取已安装apk的列表
*/private static List<AppInfo> getAppInfos() {
ArrayList<AppInfo> appInfos = new ArrayList<AppInfo>(); //获取到包的管理者
PackageManager packageManager = mContext.getPackageManager(); //获得所有的安装包
List<PackageInfo> installedPackages = packageManager.getInstalledPackages(0); //遍历每个安装包,获取对应的信息
for (PackageInfo packageInfo : installedPackages) {
AppInfo appInfo = new AppInfo();
appInfo.setApplicationInfo(packageInfo.applicationInfo);
appInfo.setVersionCode(packageInfo.versionCode); //得到icon
Drawable drawable = packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadIcon(packageManager);
appInfo.setIcon(drawable); //得到程序的名字
String apkName = packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadLabel(packageManager).toString();
appInfo.setApkName(apkName); //得到程序的包名
String packageName = packageInfo.packageName;
appInfo.setApkPackageName(packageName); //得到程序的资源文件夹
String sourceDir = packageInfo.applicationInfo.sourceDir;
File file = new File(sourceDir); //得到apk的大小
long size = file.length();
appInfo.setApkSize(size);
System.out.println("---------------------------");
System.out.println("程序的名字:" + apkName);
System.out.println("程序的包名:" + packageName);
System.out.println("程序的大小:" + size); //获取到安装应用程序的标记
int flags = packageInfo.applicationInfo.flags; if ((flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) != 0) { //表示系统app
appInfo.setIsUserApp(false);
} else { //表示用户app
appInfo.setIsUserApp(true);
} if ((flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != 0) { //表示在sd卡
appInfo.setIsRom(false);
} else { //表示内存
appInfo.setIsRom(true);
}appInfos.add(appInfo); } return appInfos; }
其中,安装包信息的bean类AppInfo代码为:
public class AppInfo {
private ApplicationInfo applicationInfo; private int versionCode = 0; /**
* 图片的icon
*/
private Drawable icon; /**
* 程序的名字
*/
private String apkName; /**
* 程序大小
*/
private long apkSize; /**
* 表示到底是用户app还是系统app
* 如果表示为true 就是用户app
* 如果是false表示系统app
*/
private boolean isUserApp; /**
* 放置的位置
*/
private boolean isRom; /**
* 包名
*/
private String apkPackageName;
... //此处省略setter和getter方法}获取文档、压缩包、apk安装包等
/**
* 通过文件类型得到相应文件的集合
**/private static List<FileBean> getFilesByType(int fileType) {
List<FileBean> files = new ArrayList<FileBean>(); // 扫描files文件库
Cursor c = null; try {
c = mContentResolver.query(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external"), new String[]{"_id", "_data", "_size"}, null, null, null); int dataindex = c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA); int sizeindex = c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE); while (c.moveToNext()) {
String path = c.getString(dataindex); if (FileUtils.getFileType(path) == fileType) { if (!FileUtils.isExists(path)) { continue;
} long size = c.getLong(sizeindex);
FileBean fileBean = new FileBean(path, FileUtils.getFileIconByPath(path));
files.add(fileBean);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally { if (c != null) {
c.close();
}
} return files;
}传入的fileType文件类型是在FileUtils定义的文件类型声明:
/**文档类型*/public static final int TYPE_DOC = 0;/**apk类型*/public static final int TYPE_APK = 1;/**压缩包类型*/public static final int TYPE_ZIP = 2;
其中,FileUtils根据文件路径获取文件类型的方法getFileType(String path)为:
public static int getFileType(String path) {
path = path.toLowerCase(); if (path.endsWith(".doc") || path.endsWith(".docx") || path.endsWith(".xls") || path.endsWith(".xlsx")
|| path.endsWith(".ppt") || path.endsWith(".pptx")) { return TYPE_DOC;
}else if (path.endsWith(".apk")) { return TYPE_APK;
}else if (path.endsWith(".zip") || path.endsWith(".rar") || path.endsWith(".tar") || path.endsWith(".gz")) { return TYPE_ZIP;
}else{ return -1;
}
}文件的bean类FileBean代码为:
public class FileBean {
/** 文件的路径*/
public String path; /**文件图片资源的id,drawable或mipmap文件中已经存放doc、xml、xls等文件的图片*/
public int iconId;
public FileBean(String path, int iconId) { this.path = path; this.iconId = iconId;
}
}FileUtils根据文件类型获取图片资源id的方法,getFileIconByPath(path)代码为:
/**通过文件名获取文件图标*/public static int getFileIconByPath(String path){
path = path.toLowerCase(); int iconId = R.mipmap.unknow_file_icon; if (path.endsWith(".txt")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_txt;
}else if(path.endsWith(".doc") || path.endsWith(".docx")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_doc;
}else if(path.endsWith(".xls") || path.endsWith(".xlsx")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_xls;
}else if(path.endsWith(".ppt") || path.endsWith(".pptx")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_ppt;
}else if(path.endsWith(".xml")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_xml;
}else if(path.endsWith(".htm") || path.endsWith(".html")){
iconId = R.mipmap.type_html;
} return iconId;
}上述各种文件类型的图片放置在mipmap中,用于展示文件列表时展示。
FileManager以及其他类的源码,可以点击下面的网址跳转查看和下载: