前言
iOS开发中,UITextField和UITextView是最常用的文本接受类和文本展示类的控件。UITextField和UITextView都输入文本,也都可以监听文本的改变。不同的是,UITextField继承自UIControl这个抽象类。UITextView继承自UIScrollView这个实体类。这就导致了UITextView可以多行展示内容,并且还可以像UIScrollView一样滚动。而UITextField只能单独的展示一行内容。从这个角度,UITextView在功能上是优于UITextField的。
但是,众所周知,UITextField中有一个placeholder属性,可以设置UITextField的占位文字,起到提示用户输入相关信息的作用。可是,UITextView就没那么幸运了,apple没有给UITextView提供一个类似于placeholder这样的属性来供开发者使用。而开发中,我们经常会遇到既要占位文字,又要可以多行展示并且可以滚动的控件,单纯的UITextField或者UITextView都不能满足这种产品上的需求。比如,现在市面上的app大多都有一个用户反馈的入口,如下图(一)所示。下面我就把自己能够想到的方法汇总一下,让更多的开发者知道,原来有这么多方法可以实现UITextView的占位文字。
方法一
1.把UITextView的text属性当成“placeholder”使用。
2.在开始编辑的代理方法里清除“placeholder”。
3.在结束编辑的代理方法里根据条件设置“placeholder”。
特点:这种方法的特点是,当用户点击了textView,placeholder占位文字就会立马消失,官方的placeholder是当系统监听到用户输入了文字后placeholder才会消失。
// 创建textViewUITextView *textView = [[UITextViewalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20,70,SCREEN.width-40,100)]; textView.backgroundColor= [UIColor whiteColor]; textView.text = @"我是placeholder"; textView.textColor = [UIColor grayColor]; textView.delegate = self; [self.view addSubview:textView];#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView { if(textView.text.length < 1){ textView.text = @"我是placeholder"; textView.textColor = [UIColor grayColor]; } } - (void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView { if([textView.text isEqualToString:@"我是placeholder"]){ textView.text=@""; textView.textColor=[UIColor blackColor]; } }
方法二
1.创建textView
2.给textView添加一个UILabel子控件,作为placeholder
3.在文本改变的代理方法里面显示/隐藏UILabel
特点:该方法同样也可以实现类似于placeholder的功能。相比较方法一,方法二可以实现动态监听文本的改变,并非弹出键盘就立即清除placeholder,只有当用户开始输入文本的时候。placeholder才会消失。同样,当用户清空文本的时候,placeholder又会重新显示出来。
#import "WSViewController.h"@interface WSViewController () <UITextViewDelegate>@property(nonatomic, weak)UITextView *textView;@property(nonatomic, weak)UILabel *placeHolder;@end@implementation WSViewController- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view. [self setupTextView]; }// 添加textView- (void)setupTextView { UITextView *textView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 74, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 10, 200)]; textView.frame = CGRectMake(10, 74, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 10, 200); [self.view addSubview:textView]; self.textView = textView; textView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-64, 0, 0, 0); textView.delegate = self; [self setupPlaceHolder]; //在弹出的键盘上面加一个view来放置退出键盘的Done按钮 UIToolbar * topView = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 30)]; [topView setBarStyle:UIBarStyleDefault]; UIBarButtonItem * btnSpace = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target:self action:nil]; UIBarButtonItem * doneButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"完成" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(dismissKeyBoard)]; NSArray * buttonsArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:btnSpace, doneButton, nil]; [topView setItems:buttonsArray]; [textView setInputAccessoryView:topView]; }// 给textView添加一个UILabel子控件- (void)setupPlaceHolder { UILabel *placeHolder = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(15, -2, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 15, 200)]; self.placeHolder = placeHolder; placeHolder.text = @"我是placeholder"; placeHolder.textColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor]; placeHolder.numberOfLines = 0; placeHolder.contentMode = UIViewContentModeTop; [self.textView addSubview:placeHolder]; }#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate- (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView { if (!textView.text.length) { self.placeHolder.alpha = 1; } else { self.placeHolder.alpha = 0; } }//关闭键盘-(void) dismissKeyBoard{ [self.textView resignFirstResponder]; }@end
同样地思路,我们也可以把作为占位文字的UILabel用UITextField或者UITextView来替换,同样可以实现带placeholder的textView,在次就不在详述。
方法三
1.自定义UITextView
2.给UITextView添加placeholder和placeholderColor属性
3.重写initWithFrame方法
4.添加通知监听文字改变
5.重写drawRect:方法
6.重写相关属性的set方法
特点:相比计较上面两种方法,这种方法可移植性、拓展性更好,这种方法,不仅乐意随意通过我们添加的placeholder属性设置默认文字,还可以通过我们添加的placeholderColor设置默认文字的颜色。今后,我们只需要写好这么一个自定义UITextView,就可以一劳永逸。
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface WSPlaceholderTextView : UITextView/** 占位文字 */@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *placeholder;/** 占位文字颜色 */@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *placeholderColor;@end #import "WSPlaceholderTextView.h"@implementation WSPlaceholderTextView- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) { // 设置默认字体 self.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15]; // 设置默认颜色 self.placeholderColor = [UIColor grayColor]; // 使用通知监听文字改变 [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(textDidChange:) name:UITextViewTextDidChangeNotification object:self]; } return self; } - (void)textDidChange:(NSNotification *)note { // 会重新调用drawRect:方法 [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)dealloc { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self]; } /** * 每次调用drawRect:方法,都会将以前画的东西清除掉 */ - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { // 如果有文字,就直接返回,不需要画占位文字 if (self.hasText) return; // 属性 NSMutableDictionary *attrs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; attrs[NSFontAttributeName] = self.font; attrs[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = self.placeholderColor; // 画文字 rect.origin.x = 5; rect.origin.y = 8; rect.size.width -= 2 * rect.origin.x; [self.placeholder drawInRect:rect withAttributes:attrs]; } - (void)layoutSubviews { [super layoutSubviews]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; }#pragma mark - setter- (void)setPlaceholder:(NSString *)placeholder { _placeholder = [placeholder copy]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setPlaceholderColor:(UIColor *)placeholderColor { _placeholderColor = placeholderColor; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setFont:(UIFont *)font { [super setFont:font]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setText:(NSString *)text { [super setText:text]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setAttributedText:(NSAttributedString *)attributedText { [super setAttributedText:attributedText]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; }@end
方法四
1.自定义UITextView
2.给UITextView添加placeholder和placeholderColor属性
3.重写initWithFrame方法
4.重写drawRect:方法
5.重写相关属性的set方法
特点:这个方法的和方法三很相似,只是没有利用通知来监听文本的改变,需要配合textViewDidChanged:这个文本改变的代理方法使用。
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface WSTextView : UITextView /** 占位文字 */ @property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *placeholder;/** 占位文字颜色 */@property (nonatomic,strong) UIColor *placeholderColor;@end#import "WSTextView.h"@implementation WSTextView - (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) { self.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15]; self.placeholderColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor]; self.placeholder = @"请输入内容"; } return self; }// Only override drawRect: if you perform custom drawing.// An empty implementation adversely affects performance during animation.- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { // Drawing code NSMutableDictionary *attrs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; attrs[NSFontAttributeName] = self.font; attrs[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = self.placeholderColor; [self.placeholder drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.frame.size.width, self.frame.size.height) withAttributes:attrs]; }// 布局子控件的时候需要重绘 - (void)layoutSubviews { [super layoutSubviews]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; }// 设置属性的时候需要重绘,所以需要重写相关属性的set方法- (void)setPlaceholder:(NSString *)placeholder { _placeholder = placeholder; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setPlaceholderColor:(UIColor *)placeholderColor { _placeholderColor = placeholderColor; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setFont:(UIFont *)font { [super setFont:font]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setText:(NSString *)text { [super setText:text]; if (text.length) { // 因为是在文本改变的代理方法中判断是否显示placeholder,而通 过代码设置text的方式又不会调用文本改变的代理方法,所以再此根据text是否不为空判 断是否显示placeholder。 self.placeholder = @""; } [self setNeedsDisplay]; } - (void)setAttributedText:(NSAttributedString *)attributedText { [super setAttributedText:attributedText]; if (attributedText.length) { self.placeholder = @""; } [self setNeedsDisplay]; }@end // 应用的时候需要配合UITextView的文本改变的代理方法#import "ViewController.h" #import "WSTextView.h"@interface ViewController ()<UITextViewDelegate>// @property(nonatomic,weak) WSTextView *textView;@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.} - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.} - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { WSTextView *textView = [[WSTextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 20, self.view.frame.size.width, 30)]; textView.placeholder = @"ws"; textView.delegate = self; [self.view addSubview:textView]; // textView.text = @"试试会不会调用文本改变的代理方法"; // 不会调用文本改变的代理方法 textView.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"富文本"]; // self.textView = textView;}#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate- (void)textViewDidChange:(WSTextView *)textView // 此处取巧,把代理方法参数类型直接改成自定义的WSTextView类型,为了可以使用自定义的placeholder属性,省去了通过给控制器WSTextView类型属性这样一步。{ if (textView.hasText) { // textView.text.length textView.placeholder = @""; } else { textView.placeholder = @"ws"; } }@end
方法五
通过runtime,我们发现,UITextView内部有一个名为“_placeHolderLabel”的私有成员变量。大家知道,Objective-C没有绝对的私有变量,因为我们可以通过KVC来访问私有变量。
特点:相对于上面的4种方法,这种方法更加取巧,虽然Apple官方没有给我们开发者提供类似于placeholder的属性,但是通过运行时,我们遍历出了一个placeHolderLabel的私有变量。这种方法简单易懂,代码量少,推荐大家使用这种方法。
#import "ViewController.h"#import <objc/runtime.h>#import <objc/message.h>@interface ViewController ()@end @implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 通过运行时,发现UITextView有一个叫做“_placeHolderLabel”的私有变量 unsigned int count = 0; Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([UITextView class], &count); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { Ivar ivar = ivars[i]; const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar); NSString *objcName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name]; NSLog(@"%d : %@",i,objcName); } [self setupTextView]; } - (void)setupTextView { UITextView *textView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, 100]; [textView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]]; [self.view addSubview:textView]; // _placeholderLabel UILabel *placeHolderLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init]; placeHolderLabel.text = @"请输入内容"; placeHolderLabel.numberOfLines = 0; placeHolderLabel.textColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor]; [placeHolderLabel sizeToFit]; [textView addSubview:placeHolderLabel]; [textView setValue:placeHolderLabel forKey:@"_placeholderLabel"]; }@end
作者:轻斟浅醉17
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/426a3fc8b067