1、列表定义
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存储，类似数组
2、列表的操作
（1）切片
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存储，类似数组print(names[1],names[3]) #取值，1、3代表下标，从左到右的位置执行结果：Guyun Xuliangchenprint(names[1:3]) #切片,顾头不顾尾取[1]、[2]的值print(names[0:3]) #切片print(names[:3]) #等同于0:3，从下标0到3print(names[-1]) #切片,取倒数第一个值print(names[-2]) #取倒数第二个值print(names[-2:]) #取最后两个值
（2）增加--append：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后print(names)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']（3）修改--insert：
names.insert(1,"Chenronghua") #数据插入，插在哪个位置前面就写这个元素的下标,如插在Guyun前面names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插在Guyun后面print(names)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Chenronghua', 'Guyun', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']
（4）查询--index：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]print(names)print(names.index("Xiangpeng")) #查出Xiangpeng的位置print(names[names.index("Xiangpeng")]) #获取下标内容执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']2Xiangpeng（5）统计--count：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]print("count-->",names.count("ZhangYang"))执行结果：count--> 1（6）反转--reverse:
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names.reverse()print(names)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']reverse--> ['Xuliangchen', 'Xiangpeng', 'Guyun', 'ZhangYang']
（7）扩展--extend：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names2 = [1,2,3,4]print(names)names.extend(names2)print("extend-->",names)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']extend--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 1, 2, 3, 4]（8）排序--sort：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names.sort()print(names)执行结果：['Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'ZhangYang']
（9）清除--clear：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names.clear()print(names)执行结果：[]
（10）复制--copy：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]names2 = names.copy()print(names)print(names2)names[1] = "古云" #更改Guyun,可以看到names2中并没有修改print("names-->",names)print("names2-->",names2)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']（11）列表嵌套复制--copy.deepcopy：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] names2 = names.copy()print(names)print(names2)names[1] = "古云"names[2][0] = "ALEX" #更改列表中的alex为ALEX,可以看到names2中也相应更改print("names-->",names)print("names2-->",names2)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']★★★★注意：这里的的copy只会拷贝第一层，列表中包含列表，其中列表是指向存放列表的内存地址，所以在更改列表中的元素时，拷贝的部分也会相应地更改。为了实现深入拷贝，可以导入copy模块：import copynames2 = copy.deepcopy(names)print(names)print(names2)names[1] = "古云"names[2][0] = "ALEX"print("names-->",names)print("names2-->",names2)执行结果：['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']可以看到拷贝是完全克隆过来的，但是生产过程中一般不会使用，拷贝多一份数据，等于多占据了一份内存空间。（12）for循环列表：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] for i in names: print(i)执行结果：ZhangYangGuyun['alex', 'jack']XiangpengXuliangchen
（13）步长切片：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] print(names[0:-1:2]) #打印第一个到最后一个，步长为2执行结果：['ZhangYang', ['alex', 'jack']]
3、程序练习
程序：购物车程序
需求:
启动程序后，让用户输入工资，然后打印商品列表
允许用户根据商品编号购买商品
用户选择商品后，检测余额是否够，够就直接扣款，不够就提醒
可随时退出，退出时，打印已购买商品和余额
#!/usr/bin/python# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_# Aothr: Kimgoods_list = [ ['Iphone',5800], ['Mac pro',9800], ['Bike',800], ['Watch',10600], ['Coffee',31], ['Alex Python',120]]shopping_list = [] #此列表为空当做购物车使用salary = input("Please input your salary:")if salary.isdigit(): salary = int(salary) while True: for index,item in enumerate(goods_list): #enumerate可以取出列表的下标和内容 print(index,item) user_choice = input("请选择你需要的商品编号：") if user_choice.isdigit(): user_choice = int(user_choice) if user_choice < len(goods_list) and user_choice >= 0: #len可以取出列表的长度 g_item = goods_list[user_choice] if g_item[1] <= salary: shopping_list.append(g_item) salary -= g_item[1] print("已成功添加商品%s到购物车，当前余额为\033[31;1m%s\033[0m" % (g_item, salary)) else: print("您的余额为%s，无法购买此商品，请充值！"%salary) else: print("您的选择的商品编号%s有误，请重新选择:"%user_choice) elif user_choice == 'q': print('------goods list------') for p in shopping_list: print(p) print("您当前余额为%s"%salary) exit() else: print("您的输入有误，请输入正确的商品编号！")