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一文玩转 Java 日志数据脱敏

许多系统为了安全需要对敏感信息(如手机号、邮箱、姓名、身份证号、密码、卡号、住址等)的日志打印要求脱敏后才能输出,本文将结合个人经历及总结分享一种log4j日志脱敏方式。

自定义Layout

import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Layout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Node;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.AbstractStringLayout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.RegexReplacement;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

@Plugin(name = "MyPatternLayout", category = Node.CATEGORY, elementType = Layout.ELEMENT_TYPE, printObject = true)
public class MyPatternLayout extends AbstractStringLayout {
    private PatternLayout patternLayout;
    private Boolean sensitive;
    private RegexReplacement[] replaces;

    protected MyPatternLayout(Charset charset, String pattern, Boolean sensitive, RegexReplacement[] replaces) {
        super(charset);
        patternLayout = PatternLayout.newBuilder().withPattern(pattern).build();
        this.sensitive = sensitive;
        this.replaces = replaces;
    }

    /**
     * 插件构造工厂方法
     *
     * @param pattern   输出pattern
     * @param charset   字符集
     * @param sensitive 是否开启脱敏
     * @param replaces  脱敏规则
     * @return Layout<String>
     */
    @PluginFactory
    public static Layout<String> createLayout(@PluginAttribute(value = "pattern") final String pattern,
                                              @PluginAttribute(value = "charset", defaultString = "UTF-8") final Charset charset,
                                              @PluginAttribute(value = "sensitive") final Boolean sensitive,
                                              @PluginElement("replace") final RegexReplacement[] replaces) {
        return new MyPatternLayout(charset, pattern, sensitive, replaces);
    }

 
    @Override
    public String toSerializable(LogEvent event) {
        // 原日志信息
        String msg = this.patternLayout.toSerializable(event);

        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.sensitive)) {
            // 不脱敏,直接返回
            return msg;
        }

        if (this.replaces == null || this.replaces.length == 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("未配置脱敏规则,请检查配置重试");
        }

        for (RegexReplacement replace : this.replaces) {
            // 遍历脱敏正则 & 替换敏感数据
            msg = replace.format(msg);
        }

        // 脱敏后的日志
        return msg;
    }
}

编写log4j配置

以下预设了8中常见规则,请自行根据实际情况修改

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <properties>
        <!-- 文件输出格式 -->
        <property name="PATTERN">%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5level --- [%t] %c : %msg%n</property>
    </properties>

    <appenders>
        <!-- 日志打印到控制台Appender -->
        <Console name="CONSOLE" target="system_out">
            <MyPatternLayout pattern="${PATTERN}" sensitive="true">
                <replace>
                    <!-- 11位的手机号:保留前3后4 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
    (mobile|手机号)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')(1)([3-9]{2})(\d{4})(\d{4})(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2$3$4****$6$7</replacement>
                </replace>
                <replace>
                    <!-- 固定电话:XXXX-XXXXXXXX或XXX-XXXXXXXX,保留区号+前2后2 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
    (tel|座机)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')([\d]{3,4}-)(\d{2})(\d{4})(\d{2})(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2$3$4****$6$7</replacement>
                </replace>

                <replace>
                    <!-- 地址:汉字+字母+数字+下划线+中划线,留前3个汉字 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
    (地址|住址|address)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')([\u4e00-\u9fa5]{3})(\w|[\u4e00-\u9fa5]|-)*(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2$3****$5</replacement>
                </replace>


                <replace>
                    <!-- 19位的卡号,保留后4 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
    (cardNo|卡号)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')(\d{15})(\d{4})(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2***************$4$5</replacement>
                </replace>

                <replace>
                    <!-- 姓名,2-4汉字,留前1-->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
    (name|姓名)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')([\u4e00-\u9fa5]{1})([\u4e00-\u9fa5]{1,3})(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2$3**$5</replacement>
                </replace>

                <replace>
                    <!--  密码 6位数字,全* -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
     (password|密码|验证码)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')(\d{6})(\]|\"|'|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2******$4</replacement>
                </replace>

                <replace>
                    <!-- 身份证,18位(结尾为数字或X、x),保留前1后1 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
       (身份证号|idCard)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')(\d{1})(\d{16})([\d|X|x]{1})(\]|\"|)
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1$2$3****************$5$6</replacement>
                </replace>

                <replace>
                    <!-- 邮箱,保留@前的前1后1 -->
                    <regex>
                        <![CDATA[
       (\w{1})(\w*)(\w{1})@(\w+).com
       ]]>
                    </regex>
                    <replacement>$1****$3@$4.com</replacement>
                </replace>
            </MyPatternLayout>
        </Console>
    </appenders>

    <loggers>
        <!-- 控制台输出 -->
        <root level="info">
            <AppenderRef ref="CONSOLE"/>
        </root>
    </loggers>

</configuration>

注意:

  • Console使用了上一节中我们自己写的的MyPatternLayout,MyPatternLayout的两个属性pattern和sensitive,对应类MyPatternLayout的插件工厂方法的入参
  • MyPatternLayout节点的子节点replace(可多个)是我们配置的脱敏正则表达式

正则匹配说明

<replace>
    <!-- 11位的手机号:保留前3后4 -->
    <regex>
        <![CDATA[
(mobile|手机号|phoneNo)(=|=\[|\":\"|:|:|=')(1)([3-9]{2})(\d{4})(\d{4})(\]|\"|'|)
            ]]>
    </regex>
    <replacement>$1$2$3$4****$6$7</replacement>
</replace>

regex说明

  • (mobile|手机号|phoneNo):脱敏关键字,多个之间以英文|分隔
  • (=|=[|":"|:|:|=’):关键字后的符号,多个之间以英文|分隔,详见下文匹配说明
  • (1):匹配数字1
  • ([3-9]{2}):匹配2位数字,取值为3-9间的数字
  • (\d{4}):匹配4位数字
  • (\d{4}):匹配4位数字
  • (]|"|’|):匹配值后的其他字符
// 代码
logger.infoMessage("mobile={}", "13511114444");
# 脱敏后
2021-11-16 11:02:08.767  INFO --- [main] log.test.LogTest : mobile=135****4444

分组匹配示意图(同颜色为对应关系)

replacement中的$n即对应第n对括号(从1开始),上图中共有7对括号,$1$2$3$4**** $6$7则表示,仅有第5组内容被**** 替代,其他内容按原内容显示

注意事项

  • 根据情况自行调整replace节点
  • 含脱敏关键字的正则,尽量列举全面
  • 值匹配正则(如上文的手机号的第3分组到倒数第2分组):需要根据实际情况调整,特别是卡号、账号的规则,各家银行或有不同
  • 修改完配置后,务必进行测试,正则解析出错只有运行时可发现
  • 日志打印规范,根据第2分组(=|=[|":"|:|:|=’)可知,可匹配如下情况
@Test
public void test0() {
    // 等号
    logger.infoMessage("mobile={}", "13511114444");
    // 等号+[
    logger.infoMessage("mobile=[{}]", "13511114444");
    // 英文单引号+等号
    logger.infoMessage("mobile'='{}'", "13511114444");
    // 中文冒号
    logger.infoMessage("mobile:{}", "13511114444");
    // 英文冒号
    logger.infoMessage("mobile:{}", "13511114444");
    // 英文双引号+英文冒号
    logger.infoMessage("\"mobile\":\"{}\"", "13511114444");
}
# 脱敏后
log.test.LogTest : mobile=135****4444
log.test.LogTest : mobile=[135****4444]
log.test.LogTest : mobile:135****4444
log.test.LogTest : mobile:135****4444
log.test.LogTest : 'mobile'='13511114444'
log.test.LogTest : "mobile":"135****4444"

对于不符合如上的情况,请调整代码或修改匹配正则

脱敏测试

普通字符串值直接输出

@Test
public void test1() {
    //11位手机号
    logger.infoMessage("mobile={}", "13511114444");
    logger.infoMessage("mobile={},手机号:{}", "13511112222", "13511113333");
    logger.infoMessage("手机号:{}", "13511115555");
    //固定电话(带区号-)
    logger.infoMessage("tel:{},座机={}", "0791-83376222", "021-88331234");
    logger.infoMessage("tel:{}", "0791-83376222");
    logger.infoMessage("座机={}", "021-88331234");

    //地址
    logger.infoMessage("address:{}", "浙江省杭州市西湖区北京西路100号");
    logger.infoMessage("地址:{}", "上海市浦东区北京东路1-10号");

    //19位卡号
    logger.infoMessage("cardNo:{}", "6227002020000101222");

    //姓名
    logger.infoMessage("name={}, 姓名=[{}],name={},姓名:{}", "张三", "上官婉儿", "李云龙", "楚云飞");

    //密码
    logger.infoMessage("password:{},密码={}", "123456", "456789");
    logger.infoMessage("password:{}", "123456");
    logger.infoMessage("密码={}", "123456");

    //身份证号码
    logger.infoMessage("idCard:{},身份证号={}", "360123202111111122", "360123202111111122");
    logger.infoMessage("身份证号={}", "360123202111111122");

    //邮箱
    logger.infoMessage("邮箱:{}", "wxyz123@qq.com");
    logger.infoMessage("email={}", "wxyz123@qq.com");
}
# 结果
log.test.LogTest : mobile=135****4444
log.test.LogTest : mobile=135****2222,手机号:135****3333
log.test.LogTest : 手机号:135****5555
log.test.LogTest : tel:0791-83****22,座机=021-88****34
log.test.LogTest : tel:0791-83****22
log.test.LogTest : 座机=021-88****34
log.test.LogTest : address:浙江省****
log.test.LogTest : 地址:上海市****
log.test.LogTest : cardNo:***************1222
log.test.LogTest : name=张**, 姓名=[上**],name=李**,姓名:楚**
log.test.LogTest : password:******,密码=******
log.test.LogTest : password:******
log.test.LogTest : 密码=******
log.test.LogTest : idCard:3****************2,身份证号=3****************2
log.test.LogTest : 身份证号=3****************2
log.test.LogTest : 邮箱:w****3@qq.com
log.test.LogTest : email=w****3@qq.com

json和toString的脱敏输出

@Test
public void test2() {
    User user = new User();
    user.setCardNo("6227002020000101222");
    user.setTel("0571-28821111");
    user.setAddress("浙江省西湖区西湖路288号钱江乐园2-101室");
    user.setEmail("zhangs12345@qq.com");
    user.setPassword("123456");
    user.setMobile("15911116789");
    user.setName("张三");
    user.setIdCard("360123202111111122");

    Job job = new Job();
    job.setAddress("浙江省西湖区西湖路288号钱江乐园2-101室");
    job.setTel("0571-12345678");
    job.setJobName("操作员");
    job.setSalary(2000);
    job.setCompany("股份有限公司");
    job.setPosition(Arrays.asList("需求", "开发", "测试", "上线"));

    user.setJob(job);
    
 //toString
    logger.infoMessage("用户信息:{}", user);
    //json
    logger.infoMessage("用户信息:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonStr(user));
}
log.test.LogTest : 用户信息:User{name='张**', idCard='3****************2', cardNo='***************1222', mobile='159****6789', tel='0571-28****11', password='******', email='z****5@qq.com', address='浙江省****', job=Job{jobName='操作员', salary=2000, company='股份有限公司', address='浙江省****', tel='0571-12****78', position=[需求, 开发, 测试, 上线]}}

log.test.LogTest : 用户信息:{"password":"******","address":"浙江省****","idCard":"3****************2","name":"张**","mobile":"159****6789","tel":"0571-28****11","job":{"jobName":"操作员","address":"浙江省****","company":"股份有限公司","tel":"0571-12****78","position":["需求","开发","测试","上线"],"salary":2000},"cardNo":"***************1222","email":"z****5@qq.com"}
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