环境：OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5
背景：在Oracle的运维过程中，时常会遇到一些场景是需要重建控制文件才可以解决的。本文的场景可以通过复制控制文件到新路径，运行一段时间后，再用老的控制文件启动数据库重现。
1.当前故障现象
在使用旧的控制文件启动数据库时，报错ORA-01122、ORA-01110、ORA-01207:
SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes Fixed Size 2098112 bytes Variable Size 218106944 bytes Database Buffers 373293056 bytes Redo Buffers 6287360 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf'ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
2.分析故障原因
根据报错信息查找MOS文档:
ORA-1122, ORA-1110, ORA-1207 while open the database after crash (文档 ID 283927.1)
延伸思考一下，为什么会这样？
主要错误是ORA-01207，利用oerr工具看到Oralce对这个错误的详细描述是：
01207, 00000, "file is more recent than control file - old control file"// *Cause: The control file change sequence number in the data file is // greater than the number in the control file. This implies that // the wrong control file is being used. Note that repeatedly causing // this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real// problem. Every attempt to open the database will advance the // control file change sequence number until it is great enough. // *Action: Use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to // make the control file current. Be sure to follow all restrictions // on doing a backup control file recovery.
一般遇到这种情况，当前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考虑重建控制文件来解决，MOS给出的建议也是重建控制文件。
3.重建控制文件
重建控制文件的核心步骤：
3.1 备份控制文件到trace
startup mountalter database backup controlfile to trace; oradebug setmypid oradebug tracefile_name
3.2 启动数据库到nomount状态
shutdown abortstartup nomount;
3.3 确认重建控制文件的语句
vi control.sqlCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "CXYWDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 5 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log' SIZE 50M, GROUP 6 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log' SIZE 50M, GROUP 7 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log' SIZE 50M-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf'CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK ;
3.4 恢复并打开数据库
SQL> recover database;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.
附：实际解决过程如下：
SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 599785472 bytesFixed Size 2098112 bytesVariable Size 218106944 bytesDatabase Buffers 373293056 bytesRedo Buffers 6287360 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;Database altered.SQL> oradebug setmypidStatement processed.SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trcSQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 599785472 bytesFixed Size 2098112 bytesVariable Size 218106944 bytesDatabase Buffers 373293056 bytesRedo Buffers 6287360 bytesSQL> @controlControl file created.SQL> select status from v$instance;STATUS------------MOUNTEDSQL> recover database;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.