手记

Java实现开发短信验证码的完整教程

开发人员在开发网站注册、登录时经常需要用到短信验证码功能,下面小编就来详细介绍一下如何集成这个功能。

下面以使用榛子云短信为例:

  1. 首先注册一个榛子云账号,注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html

  1. 注册完毕后从个人登录入口进入,地址:http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/login.html

  1. 进入"应用管理",默认会自动创建一个应用,获取AppId和AppSecret,这两个参数是用于开发的。

  1. 下载SDK,我用的java开发,所以,下面的例子也以java为例,http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/sdk.html

你可以直接下载jar包导入项目中,也可以使用maven

com.zhenzikj zhenzisms 1.0.2
  1. 参考开发文档发送短信http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/java_sdk_doc.html

AppId、AppSecret就是我们刚才从应用管理中获取的,apiUrl参数,由于我是个人账号,固定使用https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com

注: 通过自己注册的都是个人账号,企业账号需要单独联系客服申请

使用很简单,初始化一个ZhenziSmsClient对象,然后调用send()方法发送短信

  1. 一个完整的例子

一个完整的java发送短信验证码的完整实例,这是一个官方的使用demo,带有60秒倒计时功能。

效果:

源码

短信验证码实现流程
1、构造手机验证码,生成一个6位的随机数字串;
2、使用接口向短信平台发送手机号和验证码,然后短信平台再把验证码发送到制定手机号上
3、将手机号验证码、操作时间存入Session中,作为后面验证使用;
4、接收用户填写的验证码、手机号及其他注册数据;
5、对比提交的验证码与Session中的验证码是否一致,同时判断提交动作是否在有效期内;
6、验证码正确且在有效期内,请求通过,处理相应的业务。

我是java开发者,后端使用了springMvc,前端用的是jsp + jquery

html

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path;
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>验证码使用演示</title>
<link href="<%=basePath%>/css/register.css" rel="stylesheet" >
<script src="<%=basePath%>/js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="<%=basePath%>/js/register.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>
    function getBasePath(){
        return '<%=basePath%>';
    }
</script>
</head>
<body>
   <form>
       <div class="row">
           <label>账号: </label><input name="userId">
       </div>
       <div class="row">
           <label>密码:</label><input name="password">
       </div>
       <div class="row">
           <label>手机号:</label><input name="mobile">
       </div>
       <div class="row">
           <label>验证码:</label>
           <input name="verifyCode">
           <button type="button" class="sendVerifyCode">获取短信验证码</button>
       </div>
       <div><button type="button" class="sub-btn">提交</button></div>
   </form>
</body>
</html>

js

$(function(){
    //短信验证码倒计时
    var countdownHandler = function(){
        var $button = $(".sendVerifyCode");
        var number = 60;
        var countdown = function(){
            if (number == 0) {
                $button.attr("disabled",false);
                $button.html("发送验证码");
                number = 60;
                return;
            } else {
                $button.attr("disabled",true);
                $button.html(number + "秒 重新发送");
                number--;
            }
            setTimeout(countdown,1000);
        }
        setTimeout(countdown,1000);
    }
    //发送短信验证码
    $(".sendVerifyCode").on("click", function(){
        var $mobile = $("input[name=mobile]");
        var data = {};
        data.mobile = $.trim($mobile.val());
        if(data.mobile == ''){
            alert('请输入手机号码');
            return;
        }
        var reg = /^1\d{10}$/;
        if(!reg.test(data.mobile)){
            alert('请输入合法的手机号码');
            return ;
        }
        $.ajax({
            url: getBasePath()+"/sendSms",
            async : true,
            type: "post",
            dataType: "text",
            data: data,
            success: function (data) {
                if(data == 'success'){
                    countdownHandler();
                    return ;
                }
                alert(data);
            }
        });
    })
    //提交
    $(".sub-btn").on("click", function(){
        var data = {};
        data.userId = $.trim($("input[name=userId]").val());
        data.password = $.trim($("input[name=password]").val());
        data.mobile = $.trim($("input[name=mobile]").val());
        data.verifyCode = $.trim($("input[name=verifyCode]").val());
        if(data.userId == ''){
            alert("请输入账号");
            return ;
        }
        if(data.password == ''){
            alert("请输入密码");
            return ;
        }
        if(data.mobile == ''){
            alert("请输入手机号");
            return ;
        }
        if(data.verifyCode == ''){
            alert("请输入验证码");
            return ;
        }
        $.ajax({
            url: getBasePath()+"/register",
            async : true,
            type: "post",
            dataType: "text",
            data: data,
            success: function (data) {
                if(data == 'success'){
                    alert("注册成功");
                    return ;
                }
                alert(data);
            }
        });
    })
});

这里省略了所有非空、手机号格式验证

流程:

1)填写手机号

2)获取手机号码,调用sendSms.html接口向手机发送短信验证码

3)用户手机接收到验证码后,将其填写到"验证码"文本框中

后端代码

发送短信验证码

package com.zhenzi.sms;
  
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
  
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
  
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
  
/**
 * 获取验证码
 */
public class SendSmsServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    //短信平台相关参数
    private String apiUrl = "https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com";
    private String appId = "000000";
    private String appSecret = "c384b67bdsserev3343cdda4de5c8";
        
    public SendSmsServlet() {
        super();
    }
  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
  
    /**
     * 短信平台使用的是榛子云短信(smsow.zhenzikj.com)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            String mobile = request.getParameter("mobile");
            JSONObject json = null;
            //生成6位验证码
            String verifyCode = String.valueOf(new Random().nextInt(899999) + 100000);
            //发送短信
            ZhenziSmsClient client = new ZhenziSmsClient(apiUrl, appId, appSecret);
            String result = "{code:0}";//client.send(mobile, "您的验证码为:" + verifyCode + ",该码有效期为5分钟,该码只能使用一次!");
            json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
            if(json.getIntValue("code") != 0){//发送短信失败
                renderData(response, "fail");
                return;
            }
            //将验证码存到session中,同时存入创建时间
            //以json存放,这里使用的是阿里的fastjson
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            json = new JSONObject();
            json.put("mobile", mobile);
            json.put("verifyCode", verifyCode);
            json.put("createTime", System.currentTimeMillis());
            // 将认证码存入SESSION
            request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", json);
            renderData(response, "success");
            return ;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        renderData(response, "fail");
    }
     
    protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
        try {
            response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
            response.getWriter().write(data);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

json工具使用的是阿里的fastjson

appId和appSecret换成你自己的,注册之后可获得

注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html

提交注册

package com.zhenzi.sms;
  
import java.io.IOException;
  
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
  
/**
 * 注册
 */
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        
     
    public RegisterServlet() {
        super();
    }
  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
  
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String userId = request.getParameter("userId");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String mobile = request.getParameter("mobile");
        String verifyCode = request.getParameter("verifyCode");
        JSONObject json = (JSONObject)request.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
        if(json == null){
            renderData(response, "验证码错误");
            return ;
        }
        if(!json.getString("mobile").equals(mobile)){
            renderData(response, "手机号错误");
            return ;
        }
        if(!json.getString("verifyCode").equals(verifyCode)){
            renderData(response, "验证码错误");
            return ;
        }
        if((System.currentTimeMillis() - json.getLong("createTime")) > 1000 * 60 * 5){
            renderData(response, "验证码已过期");
            return ;
        }
        //其他业务代码
        renderData(response, "success");
    }
    protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){
        try {
            response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
            response.getWriter().write(data);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

ok,大功告成

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