python 数据结构教程第零课
首先展示一些基本类的源码，供对python语言还不是很熟悉的同学学习了解，这里提供 Time类、Date类、Rational类、Student类、Person类、staff类源码
1.时间类
#时间值错误提示
class TimeValueError(ValueError):
pass
#24小时 时间类
class Time:
#类初始化
def __init__(self,hours = 0,minutes = 0,seconds = 0):
if hours > 24 or hours < 0 or type(hours) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('Hours is wrong',hours)
if minutes > 60 or minutes < 0 or type(minutes) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('minutes is wrong',minutes)
if seconds > 60 or seconds <0 or type(seconds) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('seconds is wrong',seconds)
self.__hours = hours
self.__minutes = minutes
self.__seconds = seconds
#将时间转化为秒
def __absoluteValue(self):
return self.__hours * 3600 + self.__minutes * 60 + self.__seconds
#返回小时
def hours(self):
return self.__hours
#返回分钟
def minutes(self):
return self.__minutes
#返回秒
def seconds(self):
return self.__seconds
#支持两个时间相加
def __add__(self,other):
time = Time()
time.__seconds = (self.__seconds + other.__seconds)%60
s_add = (self.__seconds + other.__seconds)//60
if s_add == 1:
time.__minutes = (self.__minutes + other.__minutes + 1)%60
else:
time.__minutes = (self.__minutes + other.__minutes)%60
m_add = (self.__minutes + other.__minutes)//60
if m_add == 1:
time.__hours = (self.__hours + other.__hours + 1)%24
else: time.__hours = (self.__hours + other.__hours)%24
return time
#支持两个时间相减
def __sub__(self,other):
time = Time()
Error = self.__absoluteValue() - other.__absoluteValue()
if Error < 0:
raise TimeValueError('sub is wrong')
time.__hours = Error // 3600
time.__minutes = (Error - time.__hours * 3600) // 60
time.__seconds = (Error - time.__hours * 3600 - time.__minutes * 60)
return time
#时间 == 符号的支持函数
def __eq__(self,other):
return self.__absoluteValue() == other.__absoluteValue()
#时间 < 符号的支持函数
def __lt__(self,other):
return self.__absoluteValue() < other.__absoluteValue()
#输出时间
def showTime(self):
print(str(self.__hours) + ':' + str(self.__minutes) + ':' + str(self.__seconds))
2.日期类
#时间值错误提示
class TimeValueError(ValueError):
pass
#日期类
class Date:
#类方法 判断某一年是否是闰年
@classmethod
def RY(cls,year):
if (year % 4 == 0 or year % 400 == 0) and year % 100 != 0:
return True
else:
return False
#日期初始化
def __init__(self,year = 1,month = 1,day = 1):
if year < 0 or type(year) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('year is wrong',year)
if month > 12 or month <= 0 or type(month) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('month is wrong',month)
if Date.RY(year) and month == 2:
if day > 29 or day < 0 or type(day) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('day is wrong',day)
else:
if day > 28 or day < 0 or type(day) is not int:
raise TimeValueError('day is wrong',day)
self.__year = year
self.__month = month
self.__day = day
#返回年
def year(self):
return self.__year
#返回月
def month(self):
return self.__month
#返回日
def day(self):
return self.__day
#将日期转化为天
def date_To_day(self):
count = 0
loop = int(self.__year)
for i in range(loop):
if Date.RY(i):
count += 1
if Date.RY(self.__year) and self.__month > 2:
count += 1
if self.__month == 1:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + count
elif self.__month == 2:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 + count
elif self.__month == 3:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 + 28 + count
elif self.__month == 4:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 2 + 28 + count
elif self.__month == 5:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 2 + 30 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 6:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 3 + 30 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 7:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 3 + 30 * 2 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 8:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 4 + 30 * 2 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 9:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 5 + 30 * 2 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 10:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 5 + 30 * 3 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 11:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 6 + 30 * 3 +28 + count
elif self.__month == 12:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365 + self.__day + 31 * 6 + 30 * 4 +28 + count
else:
return (self.__year - 1) * 365
#类方法，将天转化为日期
@classmethod
def day_To_date(cls,day):
Hundredsy_day = 365 * 400 + (400 / 4 - 400 / 100)
Hundredy_day = 365 * 100 + (100 / 4 - 1)
Foury_day = 365 * 4 + 1
Y_day = 365
y_400 = day // Hundredsy_day
y_100 = (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day) // Hundredy_day
y_4 = (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day) // Foury_day
if (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day - Foury_day * y_4) < 1460:
Y_1 = (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day - Foury_day * y_4) // Y_day
elif (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day - Foury_day * y_4) == 1460:
Y_1 = (day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day - Foury_day * y_4) // Y_day - 1
day_remain = day - y_400 * Hundredsy_day - y_100 * Hundredy_day - Foury_day * y_4 - Y_day * Y_1
date = Date()
date.__year = y_400 * 400 + y_100 * 100 + y_4 * 4 + Y_1 + 1
if Date.RY(date.__year):
if day_remain <= 31:
date.__month = 1
date.__day = day_remain
elif day_remain <= 60:
date.__month = 2
date.__day = day_remain - 31
elif day_remain <= 91:
date.__month = 3
date.__day = day_remain - 60
elif day_remain <= 121:
date.__month = 4
date.__day = day_remain - 91
elif day_remain <= 152:
date.__month = 5
date.__day = day_remain - 121
elif day_remain <= 182:
date.__month = 6
date.__day = day_remain - 152
elif day_remain <= 213:
date.__month = 7
date.__day = day_remain - 182
elif day_remain <= 244:
date.__month = 8
date.__day = day_remain - 213
elif day_remain <= 274:
date.__month = 9
date.__day = day_remain - 244
elif day_remain <= 305:
date.__month = 10
date.__day = day_remain - 374
elif day_remain <= 335:
date.__month = 11
date.__day = day_remian - 305
elif day_remain < 366:
date.__month = 12
date.__day = day_remain - 335
else:
print(day_remain)
elif not Date.RY(date.__year):
if day_remain <= 31:
date.__month = 1
date.__day = day_remain
elif day_remain <= 59:
date.__month = 2
date.__day = day_remain - 31
elif day_remain <= 90:
date.__month = 3
date.__day = day_remain - 59
elif day_remain <= 120:
date.__month = 4
date.__day = day_remain - 90
elif day_remain <= 151:
date.__month = 5
date.__day = day_remain - 120
elif day_remain <= 181:
date.__month = 6
date.__day = day_remain - 151
elif day_remain <= 212:
date.__month = 7
date.__day = day_remain - 181
elif day_remain <= 243:
date.__month = 8
date.__day = day_remain - 212
elif day_remain <= 273:
date.__month = 9
date.__day = day_remain - 243
elif day_remain <= 304:
date.__month = 10
date.__day = day_remain - 373
elif day_remain <= 334:
date.__month = 11
date.__day = day_remian - 304
elif day_remain < 365:
date.__month = 12
date.__day = day_remain - 334
else:
print(day_remain)
if day_remain == 0:
date.__year -= 1
date.__month = 12
date.__day = 31
return date
#日期相减，返回天数
def __sub__(self,other):
return abs(self.date_To_day() - other.date_To_day())
#日期相加，返回日期
def plus(self,day):
day = self.date_To_day() + day
return Date.day_To_date(day)
#类方法，某一年的第n天日期
@classmethod
def num_date(cls,year,n):
date = Date()
date.__year = year
day = date.date_To_day() + n -1
a = Date.day_To_date(day)
return a
#类方法 ，某一日期，n天（可正可负）后日期
@classmethod
def adjust(cls,d,n):
print('aaaa')
day = d.date_To_day() + n
print('bbbbb')
return Date.day_To_date(day)
#显示日期
def show(self):
print(str(int(self.__year))+'/'+str(int(self.__month))+'/'+str(int(self.__day)))3.有理数类
#有理数类
class Rational(object):
#计算两者的最大公约数
@staticmethod
def _gcd(m,n):
if n == 0:
m,n = n,m
while m != 0:
m,n = n % m,m
return n
#有理数初始化，分数形式
def __init__(self,num,den = 1):
if isinstance(num,float):
(self._num,self._den) = num.as_integer_ratio()
else:
sign = 1
if num < 0:
num,sign = -num,-sign
if den < 0:
den, sign = -den,-sign
g = Rational._gcd(num,den)
self._num = sign * (num // g)
self._den = den // g
静态方法，new用于实例化之前判断参数是否合理
@staticmethod
def __new__(cls,num,den = 1):
if (not isinstance(num,float) and not isinstance(num,int)) or not isinstance(den,int):
raise TypeError
if den == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
return object.__new__(cls)
返回分子
def num(self):
return self._num
返回坟墓
def den(self):
return self._den
#有理数相加
def __add__(self,another):
den = self._den * another.den()
num = (self._num * another.den + self._den * another.num())
return Rational(num,den)
#有理数相乘
def __mul__(self,another):
return Rational(self._num * another.num(),self._den * another.den())
#有理数相除
def __floordiv__(self,another):
if another.num() == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
return Rational(self._num * another.den(),self._den * another.num())
#有理数相减
def __sub__(self,another):
num = self._num * another.den() - another.num() * self._den
den = self._den * another.den()
return Rational(num,den)
#有理数除法，返回float
def __truediv__(self,another):
if another.num() == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
if not isinstance(another,Rational):
raise TypeError
return (self._num * another.den())/(self._den * another.num())
#取有理数余数
def __mod__(self,another):
if another.num() == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
if not isinstance(another,Rational):
raise TypeError
a = int(self / another)
b = another * Rational(a)
return (self - b)
#转化为int
def int(self):
return int(self._num / self._den)
#转化为float
def float(self):
return float(self._num / self._den)
#以下是各种比较符号支持函数
def __eq__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() == self._den * another.num()
def __lt__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() < self._den * another.num()
def __ne__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() != self._den * another.num()
def __le__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() <= self._den * another.num()
def __gt__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() > self._den * another.num()
def __ge__(self,another):
return self._num * another.den() >= self._den * another.num()
#转化为字符串
def __str__(self):
return str(self._num) + '/' +str(self._den)
#输出有理数
def print(self):
print(self._num,'/',self._den)4.’人 ‘类
import datetime
class PersonTypeError(TypeError):
pass
class PersonValueError(ValueError):
pass
# ’人‘类
class Person:
#产生与类相关的一个编号，每次实例化加1
__num = 0
#初始化
def __init__(self,name,sex,birthday,ident):
if not (isinstance(name,str) and sex in ('女','男')):
raise PersonValueError(name,sex)
try:
birth = datetime.date(*birthday)
except:
raise PersonValueError('Wrong date',birthday)
self._name = name
self._sex = sex
self._birthday = birth
self._id = ident
Person.__num += 1
#返回基本信息
def id(self):
return self._id
def name(self):
return self._name
def sex(self):
return self._sex
def birthday(self):
return self._birthday
def age(self):
return datetime.date.today().year - self._birthday.year
#设置名称
def set_name(self,name):
if not isinstance(name,str):
raise PersonValueError('set_name',name)
self._name = name
# <符号支持
def __lt__(self,another):
if not isinstance(another,Person):
raise PersonTypeError(another)
return self._id < another._id
#类方法，返回编号
@classmethod
def num(cls):
return Person.__num
#字符串化
def __str__(self):
return ' '.join((self._id,self._name,self._sex,str(self._birthday)))
#显示信息
def details(self):
return ','.join(('编号：' + self._id,'姓名：' + self._name,'性别：' + self._sex,'出生日期:' +str(self._birthday)))
5.学生类
import datetime
class PersonTypeError(TypeError):
pass
class PersonValueError(ValueError):
pass
#学生类，继承与‘人’类
class Student(Person):
_id_num = 0
#类方法，产生学生ID
@classmethod
def _id_gen(cls):
cls._id_num += 1
year = datetime.date.today().year
return '1{:04}{:05}'.format(year,cls._id_num)
#初始化
def __init__(self,name,sex,birthday,department):
Person.__init__(self,name,sex,birthday,Student._id_gen())
self._department = department
self._enroll_date = datetime.date.today()
self._courses = {}
#给学生加课函数
def set_course(self,course_name):
self._courses[course_name] = None
#设置课程分数
def set_score(self,course_name,score):
if course_name not in self._courses:
raise PersonValueError('No this course selected:',course_name)
self._courses[course_name] = score
#返回分数
def scores(self):
return [(cname,self._courses[cname]) for cname in self._courses]
#返回学生信息
def details(self):
return ','.join((Person.details(self),'入学日期：' + str(self._enroll_date),'院系：' + self._department,'课程日期：' + str(self.scores())))
6.员工类
#员工类
class Staff(Person):
_id_num = 0
#获得ID
@classmethod
def _id_gen(cls,birthday):
cls._id_num += 1
birth_year = datetime.date(*birthday).year
return '0{:04}{:05}'.format(birth_year,cls._id_num)
#初始化
def __init__(self,name,sex,birthday,entry_date = None):
super().__init__(name,sex,birthday,Staff._id_gen(birthday))
if entry_date:
try:
self._entry_date = datetime.date(*entry_date)
except:
raise PersonValueError('Wrong date',entry_date)
else:
self._entry_date = datetime.date.today()
self._salary = 1720
self._department = '未定'
self._position = '未定'
#设置工资
def set_salary(self,amount):
if not type(amount) is int:
raise TypeError
self._salary = amount
#设置职位
def set_position(self,amount):
self._position = amount
#显示信息
def details(self):
return ','.join((super().details(),'入职日前：' + str(self._entry_date),'院系：' + self._department,'职位：' + self._position,'工资：' + str(self._salary)))
#设置部门
def set_department(self,apart):
self._department = apart