手记

数据库系列:MySql中游标的定义与使用方式

  • 创建游标 首先在MySql中创建一张数据表:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` (  
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,  
  `count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',  
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)  
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7;  

INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES  
(1, 'android', 15),  
(2, 'iphone', 14),  
(3, 'iphone', 20),  
(4, 'android', 5),  
(5, 'android', 13),  
(6, 'iphone', 13);  
我们现在要用存储过程做一个功能,统计iphone的总库存是多少,并把总数输出到控制台。
--在windows系统中写存储过程时,如果需要使用declare声明变量,需要添加这个关键字,否则会报错。  
delimiter //  
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore;  
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore()  
BEGIN  
    --创建接收游标数据的变量  
    declare c int;  
    declare n varchar(20);  
    --创建总数变量  
    declare total int default 0;  
    --创建结束标志变量  
    declare done int default false;  
    --创建游标  
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';  
    --指定游标循环结束时的返回值  
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
    --设置初始值  
    set total = 0;  
    --打开游标  
    open cur;  
    --开始循环游标里的数据  
    read_loop:loop  
    --根据游标当前指向的一条数据  
    fetch cur into n,c;  
    --判断游标的循环是否结束  
    if done then  
        leave read_loop;    --跳出游标循环  
    end if;  
    --获取一条数据时,将count值进行累加操作,这里可以做任意你想做的操作,  
    set total = total + c;  
    --结束游标循环  
    end loop;  
    --关闭游标  
    close cur;  

    --输出结果  
    select total;  
END;  
--调用存储过程  
call StatisticStore();  

fetch是获取游标当前指向的数据行,并将指针指向下一行,当游标已经指向最后一行时继续执行会造成游标溢出。
使用loop循环游标时,他本身是不会监控是否到最后一条数据了,像下面代码这种写法,就会造成死循环;

read_loop:loop  
fetch cur into n,c;  
set total = total+c;  
end loop;  

在MySql中,造成游标溢出时会引发mysql预定义的NOT FOUND错误,所以在上面使用下面的代码指定了当引发not found错误时定义一个continue 的事件,指定这个事件发生时修改done变量的值。
declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
所以在循环时加上了下面这句代码:
--判断游标的循环是否结束
if done then
leave read_loop; --跳出游标循环
end if;
如果done的值是true,就结束循环。继续执行下面的代码。

  • 游标有三种使用方式:
    第一种就是上面的实现,使用loop循环;
    第二种方式如下,使用while循环:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1;  
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1()  
BEGIN  
    declare c int;  
    declare n varchar(20);  
    declare total int default 0;  
    declare done int default false;  
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';  
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
    set total = 0;  
    open cur;  
    fetch cur into n,c;  
    while(not done) do  
        set total = total + c;  
        fetch cur into n,c;  
    end while;  

    close cur;  
    select total;  
END;  

call StatisticStore1();  
  • 第三种方式是使用repeat执行:
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2;  
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2()  
BEGIN  
    declare c int;  
    declare n varchar(20);  
    declare total int default 0;  
    declare done int default false;  
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';  
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
    set total = 0;  
    open cur;  
    repeat  
    fetch cur into n,c;  
    if not done then  
        set total = total + c;  
    end if;  
    until done end repeat;  
    close cur;  
    select total;  
END;  

call StatisticStore2();  
游标嵌套

在mysql中,每个begin end 块都是一个独立的scope区域,由于MySql中同一个error的事件只能定义一次,如果多定义的话在编译时会提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。

drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3;  
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3()  
BEGIN  
    declare _n varchar(20);  
    declare done int default false;  
    declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name;  
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
    open cur;  
    read_loop:loop  
    fetch cur into _n;  
    if done then  
        leave read_loop;  
    end if;  
    begin  
        declare c int;  
        declare n varchar(20);  
        declare total int default 0;  
        declare done int default false;  
        declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';  
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
        set total = 0;  
        open cur;  
        iphone_loop:loop  
        fetch cur into n,c;  
        if done then  
            leave iphone_loop;  
        end if;  
        set total = total + c;  
        end loop;  
        close cur;  
        select _n,n,total;  
    end;  
    begin  
            declare c int;  
            declare n varchar(20);  
            declare total int default 0;  
            declare done int default false;  
            declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android';  
            declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;  
            set total = 0;  
            open cur;  
            android_loop:loop  
            fetch cur into n,c;  
            if done then  
                leave android_loop;  
            end if;  
            set total = total + c;  
            end loop;  
            close cur;  
        select _n,n,total;  
    end;  
    begin  

    end;  
    end loop;  
    close cur;  
END;  

call StatisticStore3();  
  • 动态sql
set @sqlStr='select * from table where condition1 = ?';  
prepare s1 for @sqlStr;  
--如果有多个参数用逗号分隔  
execute s1 using @condition1;  
--手工释放,或者是 connection 关闭时, server 自动回收  
deallocate prepare s1;  
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