手记

手动实现HTML插件Beautify

学习HTML-Beautify.js之后,我们发现使用JavaScript对HTML进行解析也并不神秘, 首先是逐字符进行分析,从中提取标记(Token),在HTML只存在两种类型的标记-标签和正文, 然后对这些Token进行语法分析,主要是缩进量是多少。
在有这些基本概念后,今天我们就自己来实现这个小程序:

// 优化过的HTML-Beautify
    function HtmlBeautify(source, indent_value) {
        this.source = source;
        this.indent_value = indent_value;
        this.result = "";

        this.parse();
    }

    // 分析并产生输出到this.result
    HtmlBeautify.prototype.parse = function() {
        var that = this;
        // 当前分析到哪个字符,当前标记值,标记类型,
        // 输出数组,缩进级别,当前格式化内容(去掉多余空格)
        var pos = 0, token_value = "", token_type = "",
        output = [], indent_level = 0, is_format_content = true;

        // 把这些标签作为Single Tag
        var single_token = "br,input,link,meta,!doctype,basefont,base,area,hr,wbr,param,img,isindex,?xml,embed".split(',');
        var white_space = "\r\n\t ".split("");

        // 获取下一个标记(首先获取正文,如果正文为空则获取标签)
        function nextToken() {
            var token_value_array = [], val = "", space = false;

            // "<"之前的所有内容作为正文标签
            while ((val = that.source[pos]) !== "<") {
                if (pos >= that.source.length) {
                    token_type = "END";
                    return;
                }

                if (is_format_content) {
                    if ($.inArray(val, white_space) >= 0) {
                        space = true;
                        pos++;
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (space) {
                        token_value_array.push(" ");
                        space = false;
                    }
                }
                token_value_array.push(val);
                pos++;
            }

            token_value = token_value_array.join("").replace(/^\n+|\n$/g,"");
            if ($.trim(token_value) === "") {
                // 如果正文标记为空,则获取标签标记
                if(!is_format_content) {
                    is_format_content = true;
                }
                nextTokenTag();
            } else {
                token_type = "CONTENT";
            }
        }

        // 下一个标签标记
        function nextTokenTag() {
            var token_value_array = [], val = "",
                tagName = "", space = false, is_comment = false;
            
            // 这是一个注释标签
            if(that.source[pos + 1] === "!" && 
                that.source[pos + 2] === "-" &&
                that.source[pos + 3] === "-") {
                is_comment = true;
            }

            // 获取标签标记,直到遇到">"
            do {
                val = that.source[pos];

                if (!is_comment) {
                    // 如果此字符为空格换行制表符,则跳过此字符
                    if ($.inArray(val, white_space) >= 0) {
                        space = true;
                        pos++;
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (space) {
                        if(token_value_array[token_value_array.length - 1] !== "=" && val !== "=") {
                            token_value_array.push(" ");
                        }
                        space = false;
                    }
                }

                if(val === "/" && that.source[pos + 1] === ">" && token_value_array[token_value_array.length - 1] !== " ") {
                    token_value_array.push(" ");
                }

                token_value_array.push(val);
                pos++;
            } while (val !== ">");

            token_value = $.trim(token_value_array.join(""));
            // 当前标签的名称(小写)
            tagName = getTagName();
            
            if(is_comment) {
                token_type = "SINGLE_TAG";
            } else {
                if (token_value[1] === "/") {
                    // token_value以"</"开始,则认为是结束标签
                    token_type = "END_TAG";
                } else if ($.inArray(tagName, single_token) >= 0 || token_value[token_value.length - 2] === "/") {
                    // 如果标签在single_token或者token_value以"/>"结尾,则认为是独立标签
                    // 这种判断没有考虑这种情况:"<br></br>"
                    token_type = "SINGLE_TAG";
                } else {
                    token_type = "START_TAG";
                    if (tagName === "script" || tagName === "style") {
                        is_format_content = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function getTagName() {
            var tagName = token_value.substr(1, token_value.length - 2);
            var spaceIndex = tagName.indexOf(" ");
            if (spaceIndex > 0) {
                tagName = tagName.substr(0, spaceIndex);
            }
            return tagName.toLowerCase();
        }

        // 输出当前标记
        function outputToken() {
            output.push(token_value);
        }
        // 输出新行
        function outputLine() {
            output.push("\n");
        }
        // 输出缩进
        function outputIndent() {
            for (var i = 0; i < indent_level; i++) {
                output.push(that.indent_value);
            }
        }

        // parse的主体函数,循环获取下一个Token
        while (true) {
            nextToken();

            // 当前Token为结束标记
            if (token_type === "END") {
                break;
            }

            switch (token_type) {
                case "START_TAG":
                    // 我们对缩进的控制非常简单,开始标签后缩进一个单位
                    outputLine();
                    outputIndent();
                    outputToken();
                    indent_level++;
                    break;
                case "END_TAG":
                    // 结束标签前减少一个单位缩进
                    indent_level--;
                    outputLine();
                    outputIndent();
                    outputToken();
                    break;
                case "SINGLE_TAG":
                    outputLine();
                    outputIndent();
                    outputToken();
                    break;
                case "CONTENT":
                    outputLine();
                    if(is_format_content) {
                        outputIndent();
                    }
                    outputToken();
                    break;
            }
        }
        // 去除最前面的"\n"
        this.result = output.join("").substr(1);
    };

    $(function() {
        $("#format").click(function() {

            // 实例化HtmlBeautify,传递需要解析的HTML片段和缩进字符串
            var beautify = new HtmlBeautify($("#content").val(), "    ");
            $("#content").val(beautify.result);

        });
    });
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