手记

Android:你还在等那个,手把手带你重构的人出现吗?

前言

高能预警:本文有一点长,建议收藏后再看。

以下你就可以看到,一位单枪匹马的帅哥,是如何以一己之力,重构整座“屎山”的。

这位帅哥一直在徘徊,本文到底该写给谁看?是只在乎写功能的码农吗?不了不了,码农若真的有心提升代码质量,就不会在项目中丧心病狂的堆积屎山。

于是干脆写写重构心得、分享重构思路,让那些有意识在这方面有所提升的帅哥美女们,少走些弯路!

在此首先感谢主管的信任与支持。本次重构中,帅哥在部门内部兜售并率先使用某架构,5 天内完成 60 个类的核心模块的重构。(不要慌,架构已在 GitHub 开源,文末链接给出。)

以下正文。

代码是如何越写越烂的?

你是否经常听同事自嘲,“开始还想好好写,不知怎滴,后面越写越烂”?

代码越写越烂,果真是个没有端倪、无法干预的魔咒玄学吗?

让我们来快速浏览一下 重构前 项目里的代码是怎么写的。

protected void initView() {
        PagerAdapter pagerAdapter = new PagerAdapter();
        viewPagerFix.setOffscreenPageLimit(4);
        viewPagerFix.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
        mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setTabData(pagerAdapter.titles);
        mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setOnTabSelectListener(new OnTabSelectListener() {            @Override
            public void onTabSelect(int position) {
                viewPagerFix.setCurrentItem(position);
            }            @Override
            public void onTabReselect(int position) {

            }
        });
        viewPagerFix.addOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPagerFix.OnPageChangeListener() {            @Override
            public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
                KeyboardUtils.hideSoftInput(getActivity());
            }            @Override
            public void onPageSelected(int position) {
                mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setCurrentTab(position);                if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) { 

                    zzbgPageSelected(position);

                } else if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isYBJZ()) { 
                    switch (position) {                        case 0:                        case 1:
                            mViewModel.removeAllArrows();                            if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                                mAttachmentFragment.hideClickHighLight(ALBUM_ALL);
                            }                            break;                        case 2:                            if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                                mAttachmentFragment.initAttachTitle();
                            }
                            mViewModel.showAllArrows();                            break;                        default:                            break;
                    }
                } else {                    switch (position) {                        case 0:                        case 1:                        case 2:
                            mViewModel.removeAllArrows();                            //hideBottomLayout();
                            if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                                mAttachmentFragment.hideClickHighLight(ALBUM_ALL);
                            }                            break;                        case 3:                            if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                                mAttachmentFragment.initAttachTitle();
                            }
                            mViewModel.showAllArrows();                            break;                        default:                            break;
                    }
                }
            }            @Override
            public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {

            }
        });
        viewPagerFix.setCurrentItem(0);
        mFragmentBinding.headContainer.getTitleView().setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {                if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) { 
                    return;
                }

                mViewModel.changeWyhcrwMajorState(); 
                EventBus.getDefault().post(new RefreshItemEventBus(
                        mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().getCurrentWyhcrw()));
            }
        });
    }    private void zzbgPageSelected(int position) {        if (mScreenNum == 3) {            switch (position) {                case 0:                case 1:
                    mViewModel.removeAllArrows();                    if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                        mAttachmentFragment.hideClickHighLight(ALBUM_ALL);
                    }                    break;                case 2:
                    mViewModel.showAllArrows();                    break;                default:                    break;
            }

        } else {            switch (position) {                case 0:
                    mViewModel.removeAllArrows();                    if (mAttachmentFragment != null) {
                        mAttachmentFragment.hideClickHighLight(ALBUM_ALL);
                    }                    break;                case 1:
                    mViewModel.showAllArrows();                    break;                default:                    break;
            }

        }
        ;

    }    /**
     * viewPager适配器
     */
    private class PagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

        String[] titles;

        PagerAdapter() {            super(getChildFragmentManager());            if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) {                if (mScreenNum == 3) {

                    titles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.XXX_detail_tabs_for_no_tbjt);

                } else {
                    titles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.XXX_detail_tabs_for_zzbg);

                }

            } else if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isYBJZ()) {
                titles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.XXX_detail_tabs_for_ybjz);
            } else {
                titles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.XXX_detail_tabs);
            }
        }        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {            if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) {                return zzbgGetItem(position);

            } else if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isYBJZ()) {                switch (position) {                    case 0:                        if (mXXXTuBanPicFragment == null) {
                            mXXXTuBanPicFragment = XXXTuBanPicFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger()
                            );
                        }                        return mXXXTuBanPicFragment;                    case 1:                        if (mRecordFragment == null) {
                            mRecordFragment = XXXRecordFragment.newInstance(mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager());
                        }                        return mRecordFragment;                    default:                        if (mAttachmentFragment == null) {
                            mAttachmentFragment = XXXAttachmentFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getOriginalAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger(),
                                    XXXDetailFragment.this
                            );
                        }                        return mAttachmentFragment;
                }
            } else {                switch (position) {                    case 0:                        if (mXXXTuBanPicFragment == null) {
                            mXXXTuBanPicFragment = XXXTuBanPicFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger()
                            );
                        }                        return mXXXTuBanPicFragment;                    case 1:                        if (mAttributeFragment == null) {
                            mAttributeFragment = XXXAttributeFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger()
                            );
                        }                        return mAttributeFragment;                    case 2:                        if (mRecordFragment == null) {
                            mRecordFragment = XXXRecordFragment.newInstance(mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager());
                        }                        return mRecordFragment;                    default:                        if (mAttachmentFragment == null) {
                            mAttachmentFragment = XXXAttachmentFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getOriginalAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger(),
                                    XXXDetailFragment.this
                            );
                        }                        return mAttachmentFragment;
                }
            }
        }        private Fragment zzbgGetItem(int position) {            if (mScreenNum == 3) {                switch (position) {                    case 0:                        if (mAttributeFragment == null) {
                            mAttributeFragment = XXXAttributeFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger()
                            );
                        }                        return mAttributeFragment;                    case 1:                        if (mRecordFragment == null) {
                            mRecordFragment = XXXRecordFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager());
                        }                        return mRecordFragment;                    default:                        if (mAttachmentFragment == null) {
                            mAttachmentFragment = XXXAttachmentFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getOriginalAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger(),
                                    XXXDetailFragment.this
                            );
                        }                        return mAttachmentFragment;
                }

            } else {                switch (position) {                    case 0:                        if (mRecordFragment == null) {
                            mRecordFragment = XXXRecordFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager());
                        }                        return mRecordFragment;                    default:                        if (mAttachmentFragment == null) {
                            mAttachmentFragment = XXXAttachmentFragment.newInstance(
                                    mViewModel.getAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getOriginalAttachments(),
                                    mViewModel.getUniqueCode(),
                                    mViewModel.getXXXTouchManger(),
                                    XXXDetailFragment.this
                            );
                        }                        return mAttachmentFragment;
                }
            }

        }        @Override
        public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
            Object object = super.instantiateItem(container, position);            if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) {                if (mScreenNum == 3) {                    switch (position) {                        case 0:
                            mAttributeFragment = (XXXAttributeFragment) object;                            break;                        case 1:
                            mRecordFragment = (XXXRecordFragment) object;                            break;                        default:
                            mAttachmentFragment = (XXXAttachmentFragment) object;                            break;
                    }

                } else {                    switch (position) {                        case 0:
                            mRecordFragment = (XXXRecordFragment) object;                            break;                        default:
                            mAttachmentFragment = (XXXAttachmentFragment) object;                            break;
                    }
                }                return object;
            } else if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isYBJZ()) {                switch (position) {                    case 0:
                        mXXXTuBanPicFragment = (XXXTuBanPicFragment) object;                        break;                    case 1:
                        mRecordFragment = (XXXRecordFragment) object;                        break;                    default:
                        mAttachmentFragment = (XXXAttachmentFragment) object;                        break;
                }                return object;
            } else {                switch (position) {                    case 0:
                        mXXXTuBanPicFragment = (XXXTuBanPicFragment) object;                        break;                    case 1:
                        mAttributeFragment = (XXXAttributeFragment) object;                        break;                    case 2:
                        mRecordFragment = (XXXRecordFragment) object;                        break;                    default:
                        mAttachmentFragment = (XXXAttachmentFragment) object;                        break;
                }                return object;
            }
        }        @Override
        public int getCount() {            if (mViewModel != null) {                if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isZZBG()) {                    if (mScreenNum == 3) {                        return 3;
                    }                    return 2;
                }                if (mViewModel.getXXXDetailTouchManager().isYBJZ()) {                    return 3;
                } else {                    return 4;
                }
            }            return 0;
        }

    }

(为保护隐私,模块类名已替换为“XXX”)

可以看到,该主页目前服务于 3 个地区,每个地区对子页面的展示都有定制需求。

if else switch if else switch,只在乎功能实现的码农就是这么写的。

一个地区 50 行,那要是 10 个地区呢?公司领导放话要支持全国 100 个乡镇地区!那 100 个地区呢???


抽象,顺应的是“开闭原则”

这是一帮对“抽象”无感的码农。

他们听到“抽象”,就像不爱锻炼的我听到父母、朋友劝我“健身”一样被动。(笑)

正如我并不真的理解健身的意义所在,他们也当抽象是“耳边风”。

“100 个地区”这种,天然的就是用工厂模式来抽象和定制,这原本是一目了然、毫无疑问的事。

重构后的代码,主页抬头特意标注了警告。

/
 * 友情提示:本类涂有防腐药品,切勿触碰,切勿触碰,切勿触碰!
 * <p>
 * 地区定制功能,包括特色的布局等,请继承于 AbstractDetailChildFragmentManager 单独编写!
 */public class XXXDetailFragment extends BaseFragment implements IResponse {    protected void initView() {
        initViewPagerManager();
        PagerAdapter pagerAdapter = new PagerAdapter();
        viewPagerFix.setOffscreenPageLimit(4);
        viewPagerFix.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
        mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setTabData(pagerAdapter.titles);
        mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setOnTabSelectListener(new OnTabSelectListener() {            @Override
            public void onTabSelect(int position) {
                viewPagerFix.setCurrentItem(position);
            }            @Override
            public void onTabReselect(int position) {

            }
        });
        viewPagerFix.addOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPagerFix.OnPageChangeListener() {            @Override
            public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
                KeyboardUtils.hideSoftInput(getActivity());
            }            @Override
            public void onPageSelected(int position) {
                mFragmentBinding.tabLayout.setCurrentTab(position);
                mDetailChildFragmentManager.onPageSelected(position);
            }            @Override
            public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {

            }
        });
    }    /**
     * viewPager适配器
     */
    private class PagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

        String[] titles;

        PagerAdapter() {            super(getChildFragmentManager());
            titles = mDetailChildFragmentManager.getTitles();
        }        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {            return mDetailChildFragmentManager.getItem(position);
        }        @Override
        public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
            Object object = super.instantiateItem(container, position);            return mDetailChildFragmentManager.instantiateItem(container, position, object);
        }        @Override
        public int getCount() {            return mDetailChildFragmentManager.getCount();
        }
    }
}

代码是如何剪不断理还乱的?

听说过“代码耦合”和“解耦”的人很多,但真正理解这是怎么一回事的,恐怕只有你 ~

因为哪怕你不知,你也即将见证一位帅哥如何手把手带你解耦 ~

我们先来看下重构前的代码!

public interface XXXListNavigator {    void updateRecyclerView();    void showProgressDialog();    void dismissProgressDialog();    void updateListView();    void updateLayerWrapperList(List<LayerWrapper> list);    boolean isAnimationFinish();    void resetCount();

}public class XXXListViewModel extends BaseViewModel {    public void multiAddOrRemove(ArrayList<String> bsms, boolean isAdd) {        if (null != mNavigator) {
            mNavigator.showProgressDialog();
        }        if (null == mMultiAddOrRemoveUseCase) {
            mMultiAddOrRemoveUseCase = new MultiAddOrRemoveUseCase();
        }
        mUseCaseHandler.execute(mMultiAddOrRemoveUseCase, new MultiAddOrRemoveUseCase.RequestValues(isAdd, bsms,
                        mLayerWrapperObservableField.get()),                new UseCase.UseCaseCallback<MultiAddOrRemoveUseCase.ResponseValue>() {                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(MultiAddOrRemoveUseCase.ResponseValue response) {
                        ToastUtils.showShort(getApplicationContext(), "操作成功");
                        clearData();
                        loadData(true, true);                        if (null != mNavigator) {
                            mNavigator.dismissProgressDialog();
                        }
                    }                    @Override
                    public void onError() {
                        ToastUtils.showShort(getApplicationContext(), "操作失败");                        if (null != mNavigator) {
                            mNavigator.dismissProgressDialog();
                        }
                    }
                });
    }
}

可以看到,UI 过度暴露了“处理 UI 逻辑所依赖的过程 API”,并在业务中直接干预了 UI 逻辑,这是典型的 MVP 写法,这造成了耦合。一旦 UI 的需求有变动,View 和 Presenter 的编写者都会受到牵连。

而且,职责过多造成了依赖过多,这个 Presenter 会因为过多的依赖,而越写越臃肿:受“破窗效应”的驱使,别的码农会因为此处已经有某个依赖,而不假思索的接着往下写。

到底怎样才算解耦

所谓解耦,是符合工程设计、符合设计模式原则的编码。

解耦的本质,我只说一遍:

职责边界明确,职责边界明确,职责边界明确。

viabus_flow_flow.png

符合单一职责原则:
UI 的职责仅限于“展示”,也就是发送请求、处理 UI 逻辑。业务的职责仅限于“提供数据”,也就是接收请求、处理业务逻辑、响应结果数据。

符合依赖倒置原则、最小知识原则:
UI 不需要知道数据是经过怎样的周转得来的,它只需发送请求,并在拿到结果数据后,自己内部消化 UI 逻辑。业务只需处理数据并响应数据给 UI,它不需要知道 UI 会怎样使用数据,更无权干预。

综上,无论是 UI 还是业务,都不应过度暴露内部逻辑 API 而受控于人,它们应只暴露请求 API,来响应外部的请求。过程逻辑应只在自己内部独立消化

public class XXXListBusinessProxy extends BaseBusiness<XXXBus> implements IXXXListFragmentRequest {    @Override
    public void multiAddOrRemove(final XXXListDTO dto) {
        handleRequest((e) -> {
                ...                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(existBsms)) {
                    sendMessage(e, new Result(XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_MULTI_ADD_OR_REMOVE, false));
                } else {
                    wyhcJgDBManager.insertAllTaskOfMine(existBsms, layersConfig);
                    sendMessage(e, new Result(XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_MULTI_ADD_OR_REMOVE, true));
                }                return null;
        });
    }    @Override
    public void refreshPatternOfXXXList(final XXXListDTO dto) {
        handleRequest((e) -> {
                ...
                count.setMyXXXCount(wyhcJgDBManager.getMyXXXPatternCount());                return new Result(XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_REFRESH_COUNT, count);
        });
    }    @Override
    public void changeXXXPatternOfMine(final XXXListDTO dto) {
        handleRequest((e) -> {                if (toMine) {
                    ...
                } else {
                    ...     
                    sendMessage(e, new Result(XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_GET_ALL_PATTERN_OF_MINE, count));
                }                return null;
        });
    }
}public class XXXListFragment extends BaseFragment implements IResponse {

    XXXBus.XXX().queryList(mDto);
    
    XXXBus.XXX().multiAddOrRemove(mDto);
    
    XXXBus.XXX().queryPattern(mDto);

    ...    @Override
    public void onResult(Result testResult) {
        String code = (String) testResult.getResultCode();        switch (code) {            case XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_REFRESH_LIST:
                updateRecyclerView((List<Wyhcrw>) testResult.getResultObject());                if (isNeedUpdateCount()) {
                    ...
                } else {
                    finishLoading();
                }                break;            case XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_MULTI_ADD_OR_REMOVE:                if ((boolean) testResult.getResultObject()) {
                    loadData(true, true);
                } else {
                    ToastUtils.showShort(getContext(), "操作失败");
                }
                dismissProgressDialog();                break;            case XXXDataResultCode.XXX_LIST_FRAGMENT_REFRESH_PATTERN:
                ...                break;            default:
        }
    }
}

解耦有什么好处?

解耦的好处,福特最有话语权。

100 多年前,福特发明了世界上第一条流水线,让工人职责边界明确,从而得以分工和专注各自领域。

原先装配一辆车需 700 小时,通过流水线分工后,平均一辆 12.5 小时,这使得生产效率提升了近 60 倍!

软件工程同理。

由于 UI 和业务职责边界明确,且相互通过接口通信,使得 UI 和业务的编写者能够真正的分工

写 UI 的人,不会被业务的编写打断,他可以一气呵成的写自己的 UI。写业务的人,同样不会被打断,他可以专注于业务逻辑、数据结构和算法的优化。

写 UI 和写业务的人,都可以自己实现接口,去独立的完成单元测试,完全不必依赖和等候对方的实现。

最后,在职责边界明确的情况下,UI 就算写 100 个 UI 逻辑,那也是 UI,业务就算写 100 个业务,那也是业务,纯种,所以不会杂乱,何况我们还可以借助“接口隔离原则”继续往下分工!



作者:KunMinX
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/22e110193ea9


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