今天研究了一下oracle对部分记录建立索引的方法。其实对部分记录建立的索引就是基于
函数的索引。由于部分记录函数化以后,返回了NULL值,而ORACLE索引不索引NULL值,
导致这些记录没有索引条目。
这样我们就可以对自已关注的少数记录建立很小索引,提高查询速度。
一个例子,学校有10000学生,其中女同学仅有100人。我们经常关注女生,几乎不关注男生。
这样我们就可以只在女生记录上添加索引。这个很小的索引就能帮我们很快把女生找到。
做个测试:
SQL> create table students(id int ,name varchar2(200),sex varchar(16))
2 /
Table created
SQL> declare
2 style varchar2(16);
3 begin
4 for i in 1..10000 loop
5 if(i mod 100 = 0) then
6 style:='F';
7 else style := 'M';
8 end if;
9 insert into students values(i,rpad('student'||i,150,'F'),style);
10 end loop;
11 commit;
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
这里为了让女生分布均匀,加了i mod 100;
SQL> select count(1) from students where sex='F'
2 /
COUNT(1)
----------
100
刚好100位女生.
SQL> select * from students where (case when sex='F' then sex end)='F'
2 /
已选择100行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4078133427
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 93 | 11625 | 56 (2)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| STUDENTS | 93 | 11625 | 56 (2)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(CASE "SEX" WHEN 'F' THEN "SEX" END ='F')
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
169 recursive calls
0 db block gets
337 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
17196 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
451 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
8 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
4 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
100 rows processed
执行计划采用了全表扫描。
建立部分元组索引:
SQL> create index femaleIndex on students(case when sex='F' then sex end);
Index created
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_index_stats('study','femaleIndex')
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> select num_rows,blevel from user_indexes where index_name=upper('femaleIndex')
2 /
NUM_ROWS BLEVEL
---------- ----------
100 0
索引条目刚好100个,与女生数相等。
SQL> select * from students where (case when sex='F' then sex end)='F'
2 /
已选择100行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2152294204
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 93 | 11625 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| STUDENTS | 93 | 11625 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | FEMALEINDEX| 38 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access(CASE "SEX" WHEN 'F' THEN "SEX" END ='F')
Note
------ dynamic sampling used for this statement
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
11 recursive calls
0 db block gets
174 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
17196 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
451 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
8 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
100 rows processed
可以看到速度提高了很多。但是如果我们查询男生:
SQL> select * from students where (case when sex='F' then sex end)='M'
2 /
未选定行
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2152294204
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 375 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| STUDENTS| 3 | 375 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | FEMALEINDEX | 38 | | 1 (0)|00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access(CASE "SEX" WHEN 'F' THEN "SEX" END ='M')
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
11 recursive calls
0 db block gets
67 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
375 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
374 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
1 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
0 rows processed
居然没有记录返回!! 当然了因为(case when sex='F' then sex end)这个函数,我们姑且把它看成一个函数,是不会返回'M'这个值的。这也说明了如果建立了函数索引,查询条件上使用了该函数,则查询必走此索引。
以上是个简单的例子,假如我们一个项目管理系统,项目只有三种状态:投标,开发,验收。历经很多年,验收的验目很多,但正在投标,开发的项目肯定不多(IBM可能有很多),这样我们就可以只在需要关注的投标与开发的记录上添加索引:
create index test on projects(case when status='投标' then status when status='开发' then status end).
部分记录建立的索引还有一个经典用法就是建立唯一索引,完成对记录的约束,比如上面的例子,如果建成唯一索引,那么全校只能有一个女生了,而男生无限制。我不喜欢这样,所以就不演示了,记得加个unique就成。
©著作权归作者所有:来自51CTO博客作者anranran的原创作品,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任
ORACLE职场休闲数据库