一、ansible简介及测试环境
本次测试只是用一台client做测试。但!!!!
ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具,基于Python开发,集合了众多运维工具(puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric)的优点,实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。
ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块,ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括:
(1)、连接插件connection plugins:负责和被监控端实现通信;
(2)、host inventory:指定操作的主机,是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机;
(3)、各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块;
(4)、借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;
(5)、playbook:剧本执行多个任务时,非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务。
所以在批量部署时,只需要在hosts文件加入client主机IP即可。
二、安装ansible
因为我的Linux的是CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core),使用的ali仓库源。
我在yum安装的ansible是
三、编写nginx的roles模板
先看看所需要的文件
[root@node4 ansible]# pwd
/etc/ansible
[root@node4 ansible]# tree
.
├── ansible.cfg #核心配置文件
├── hosts #主机清单
├── nginx_install.yaml #playbook编译安装nginx文件
└── roles
└── nginx_install
├── default
├── files
│ └── nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz #编译安装nginx的安装包,提前下载至此
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml #触发配置文件
├── meta #元数据
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml #定义要调用的nginx的主逻辑文件
├── templates
│ ├── nginx.conf #定义nginx的配置文件
│ └── nginx.service #定义nginx的启动脚本(systemctl)
└── vars
└── main.yml #定义变量配置文件
9 directories, 9 files
先创建所需要的目录(必须一样),而且上面配置文件必须以main.yml命名。
必须设置ansible到各主机之间的ssh免秘钥互信。
命令如下
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id node5 #主机名或IP
mkdir -p roles/nginx_instll/{handlers,files,meta,tasks,templates,vars,default}
1、配置主要逻辑文件:
[root@node4 ansible]# cat roles/nginx_install/tasks/main.yml
- name: copy nginx package to remote host
copy: src=nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz#调用files模块(复制nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz至远端)
tags: cppkg
- name: tar nginx
shell: cd /usr/local/src;tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
- name: install pakger
yum: name={{item}} state=latest#使用变量解决依赖包的问题
with_items:
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
- gcc
tags: dpdpkg
- name: useradd nginx
shell: useradd nginx
tags: add_nginx
- name: install nginx
shell: cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0;./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre;make && make install
tags: inngx
- name: copy start config
template: src=nginx.service dest=//usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service#调用templates模块
notify: start nginx
- name: mkdir vhosts
shell: mkdir /usr/local/nginx/vhosts
- name: copy config file nginx.conf
template: src=nginx.conf dest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
notify: reload nginx service
2、将nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz复制到/etc/ansible/roles/nginx_install/files目录下
3、配置templates下的文件。
[root@node4 nginx_install]# ls templates/
nginx.conf nginx.service
该目录下的nginx.conf将推送到client主机。
[root@node4 templates]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};#使用ansible的setup指令自动传入
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen {{ ngxport }} ;#使用vars下自定义的变量
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root {{ root_dir }};#使用vars下自定义的变量
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_passhttp://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
include vhosts/*.conf;#创建虚拟主机的包含文件,方便下次批量管理
}
该目录下的nginx.service将推送到client主机。该启动脚本采用systemctl启动。
[root@node4 nginx_install]# cat templates/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4、配置vars下的文件
在nginx.conf的配置文件的变量部分可以选择利用ansible调用系统,例如cup核心数:
[root@node4 nginx_install]# ansible 192.168.40.132 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_processor_vcpus"
192.168.40.132 | success >> {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 1
},
"changed": false
}
所以nginx.conf中定义的
{{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}
是可以自动化转入参数。
nginx.conf中其他剩下的变量属于自定义,调用vars的配置文件:
[root@node4 nginx_install]# cat vars/main.yml
ngxport: "80"#监听端口
server_name: "node5.aizhen.com"#访问域名
root_dir: "/web"#web主目录
5、配置handlers下的文件
在主逻辑文件中:
- name: copy start config
template: src=nginx.service dest=//usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
notify: start nginx #触发到handlers的文件
handlers的配置文件
[root@node4 nginx_install]# cat handlers/main.yml
- name: start nginx #这里的名字必须与主逻辑文件匹配,否则触发不了
service: name=nginx state=started
- name: reload nginx service
service: name=nginx state=restarted
四、测试
1、检测语法,看看是否正确。
[root@node4 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-chec /etc/ansible/nginx_install.yaml
playbook: /etc/ansible/nginx_install.yaml
确定没有报错。
2、使用tags,copy nginx的安装包到client主机,防止出错。
[root@node4 ansible]# ansible-playbook -t cppkg /etc/ansible/nginx_install.yaml
PLAY [192.168.40.132] *********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.40.132 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看client
[root@node5 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node5 src]# ls
nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
测试安装nginx
[root@node4 templates]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/nginx_install.yaml
PLAY [192.168.40.132] *********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
ok: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | tar nginx] *********************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | install pakger] ****************************************
ok: [192.168.40.132] => (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)
TASK: [nginx_install | useradd nginx] *****************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | install nginx] *****************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy start config] *************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | mkdir vhosts] ******************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy config file nginx.conf] ***************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
NOTIFIED: [nginx_install | start nginx] ***************************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
NOTIFIED: [nginx_install | reload nginx service] ******************************
changed: [192.168.40.132]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.40.132 : ok=11 changed=8 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看client的80端口是否启动
root@node5 ~]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11503/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 917/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1009/master
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 917/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1009/master
作者:乐维君
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/8eca67028f03