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Java 序列化2

]在《java 序列化》中已经对序列化做过简单的介绍,今天继续说一下序列化

前瞻

首先对上一篇文章中的序列化进行总结

  • 实现java.io.Serializable接口即可对对象进行实例化
  • 实现Serializable接口的同时,手动指定serialVersionUID,这样即使后面对类进行的更改,在反序列化的时候不会报错
  • 父类没有实现该接口,子类实现了,那么父类中的属性不会序列化。解决方案就是在父类实现Serializable接口
  • static静态属性是不支持序列化的
  • transient如果某个属性不需要序列化可以使用该关键字进行修饰
  • 虚拟机在默认的情况下回调用对象的writeObject和readObject方法进行自定义的序列化和反序列化,如果没有则调用ObjectInputStream里面的defaultReadObject和ObjectOutputStream里的defaultWriteObject方法进行
  • 如果没有实现Serializable接口,父类必须含有无惨构造函数

java.io.Externalizable

正常情况下使用java.io.Serializable基本已经足够,但是还是有必要介绍一下java.io.Externalizable,对于自定义序列化内容,有性能极高的需求时候还是可以采用的。

下面先看一下Externalizable的基础用法

注:部分代码里面可能会掺杂一些Lombok的注解,如有需要可以自己去配置

实验一:有默认构造函数

public class Animal implements Externalizable {

	@Getter@Setter
	transient String name;
	@Getter@Setter
	int age;

	@Override
	public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
		out.writeObject(name);
		out.writeObject(age);
	}

	@Override
	public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		name = (String) in.readObject();
		age = (int) in.readObject();
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "{\r\n Animal:\r\n -- name = " + name + "\r\n -- age = " + age + " \r\n}";
	}
}

public class AnimalSerializableDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String serializableFile = "./animal.ser";
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		ObjectInputStream ois = null;

		// 为了节省博文篇幅,直接简单粗暴的处理,不必纠结细节
		fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
		Animal animal = new Animal();
		animal.age = 1;
		animal.name = "emo";
		oos.writeObject(animal);
		oos.close();


		fis = new FileInputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
		Animal animal2 = (Animal) ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(animal2);
		fis.close();
	}
}
// 输出结果
{
 Animal:
 -- name = emo
 -- age = 1 
}

实验二:无默认构造函数

public class Animal2 implements Externalizable {

	@Getter@Setter
	transient String name;
	@Getter@Setter
	int age;

	public Animal2(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
		out.writeObject(name);
		out.writeObject(age);
	}

	@Override
	public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		name = (String) in.readObject();
		age = (int) in.readObject();
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "{\r\n Animal:\r\n -- name = " + name + "\r\n -- age = " + age + " \r\n}";
	}
}

public class Animal2SerializableDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String serializableFile = "./animal2.ser";
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		ObjectInputStream ois = null;

		// 为了节省博文篇幅,直接简单粗暴的处理,不必纠结细节
		fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
		Animal2 animal = new Animal2("emo2", 2);
		oos.writeObject(animal);
		oos.close();


		fis = new FileInputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
		Animal2 animal2 = (Animal2) ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(animal2);
		fis.close();
	}
}
// 输出结果
Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.smxknife.java2.externalizable.Animal2; no valid constructor
	at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$ExceptionInfo.newInvalidClassException(ObjectStreamClass.java:150)
	at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(ObjectStreamClass.java:790)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2001)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1535)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:422)
	at com.smxknife.java2.externalizable.Animal2SerializableDemo.main(Animal2SerializableDemo.java:27)

实验三:Externalizable默认实现

public class AnimalSample implements Externalizable {

	@Getter@Setter
	transient String name;
	@Getter@Setter
	int age;

	@Override
	public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
	}

	@Override
	public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "{\r\n Animal:\r\n -- name = " + name + "\r\n -- age = " + age + " \r\n}";
	}
}


public class AnimalSimpleSerializableDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String serializableFile = "./animal.ser";
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		ObjectInputStream ois = null;

		// 为了节省博文篇幅,直接简单粗暴的处理,不必纠结细节
		fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
		AnimalSample animal = new AnimalSample();
		animal.age = 1;
		animal.name = "emo";
		oos.writeObject(animal);
		oos.close();

		fis = new FileInputStream(new File(serializableFile));
		ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
		AnimalSample animal2 = (AnimalSample) ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(animal2);
		fis.close();
	}
}
// 输出结果
{
 Animal:
 -- name = null
 -- age = 0 
}

一二三小结

从目前来看,用法基本与Serializable类似,有以下几点不同

  • 默认情况下,Serializable不会调用构造函数,但是从实验一和实验二可以看出Externalizable必须要有构造函数,否则会报异常错误(除此之外还有一点,这个构造函数必须是public)
  • 使用Serializable简单一点,实现接口即可序列化,但是从实验三来看,Externalizable没有默认实现,必须手动实现序列化内容
  • 在上面的三个实验中一直存在一个特殊的的存在–关键字transiant,仔细看会发现这个关键字在Externalizable里面不起作用,所以,如果使用transient还是和Serializable一起使用吧
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