手记

Android增量更新流程讲解

为什么需要增量更新:节省流量,节省流量,节省流量,重要的事情说三遍!

增量更新不仅可以让用户在客户端实现省流量更新,更重要的是增量更新还可以实现服务器端流量的节省,为网站节省成本。

增量更新的原理

服务端将应用的旧版本Apk与新版本Apk做差分处理,得到新版APK更新部分的差分包,例如旧版本的APK有6M,新版的有10M,更新的部分则可能只有4M左右(这4M文件除了包含更新内容以外,还包含一些上下文相关的东西),对于服务端来讲,如果是大型应用每次用户下载数量在百万以上,那么数百万*4M节省到的流量可想而知。这里强调一点,新apk和旧apk生成的差分包,其体积大小一定要小于新apk的体积,否则增量更新无意义。 

客户端在用户下载了差分更新包之后,将手机端存在的旧版本软件APK(大多处在/data/data/app/下),复制到SD卡或者cache中,并与差分更新包进行合并,得到一个新版本的apk升级安装包,最终,这个生成的apk和你做差分之前的apk是一致的。 

为了得到增量更新中的差分包,我们使用网上一款非常有名的开源二进制查分工具bsdiff。其中bsdiff依赖bzip2,所以我们还需要用到 bzip2工具。 

关于bsdiff大家可以去官网下载http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/ 
  关于bzip2大家可以去官网下载http://www.bzip.org/downloads.html 

下载后的bsdiff目录如下

在bsdiff中,bsdiff.c 用于生成差分包,bspatch.c 用于合并文件。

ok,准备就绪下面开始步入正题,我将分为服务端和客户端两个方面给大家讲解。讲之前,还是先画个图,给大家从全局上描绘一下。

客户端开发流程讲解

第1步.下载服务端的差分包

下面是通过自定义的下载方法,得到差分包文件patchFile 。

String downUrl = "http://www.castiel.com/apk.patch";

File patchFile = DownloadUtils.download(downUrl);

public static File download(String url){
        File file = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream os = null;
        try {
            file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),Constants.PATCH_FILE);
            if (file.exists()) {
                file.delete();
            }
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            is = conn.getInputStream();
            os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                os.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
        } catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            try {
                os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return file;
    }

第2步.合并得到最新版本的APK文件

    String oldfile = ApkUtils.getSourceApkPath(MainActivity.this, getPackageName());
    String newfile = Constants.NEW_APK_PATH;
    String patchfile = patchFile.getAbsolutePath();
    BsPatch.patch(oldfile, newfile, patchfile);

这里的BsPatch是我们的定义的调用Native方法的类

public class BsPatch {
    /**
     * 合并包
     * @param oldfile 旧版本文件
     * @param newfile 新版本文件
     * @param patchfile 合并后的文件
     */
    public native static void patch(String oldfile, String newfile, String patchfile);
    static{
        System.loadLibrary("bspatch");
    }
}

其中加载的baspatch.c文件

#if 0
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/bsdiff/bspatch/bspatch.c,v 1.1 2005/08/06 01:59:06 cperciva Exp $");
#endif

#include <bzlib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

static off_t offtin(u_char *buf)
{
    off_t y;

    y=buf[7]&0x7F;
    y=y*256;y+=buf[6];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[5];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[4];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[3];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[2];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[1];
    y=y*256;y+=buf[0];

    if(buf[7]&0x80) y=-y;

    return y;
}

int main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
    FILE * f, * cpf, * dpf, * epf;
    BZFILE * cpfbz2, * dpfbz2, * epfbz2;
    int cbz2err, dbz2err, ebz2err;
    int fd;
    ssize_t oldsize,newsize;
    ssize_t bzctrllen,bzdatalen;
    u_char header[32],buf[8];
    u_char *old, *new;
    off_t oldpos,newpos;
    off_t ctrl[3];
    off_t lenread;
    off_t i;

    if(argc!=4) errx(1,"usage: %s oldfile newfile patchfile\n",argv[0]);

    /* Open patch file */
    if ((f = fopen(argv[3], "r")) == NULL)
        err(1, "fopen(%s)", argv[3]);

    /*
    File format:
        0   8   "BSDIFF40"
        8   8   X
        16  8   Y
        24  8   sizeof(newfile)
        32  X   bzip2(control block)
        32+X    Y   bzip2(diff block)
        32+X+Y  ??? bzip2(extra block)
    with control block a set of triples (x,y,z) meaning "add x bytes
    from oldfile to x bytes from the diff block; copy y bytes from the
    extra block; seek forwards in oldfile by z bytes".
    */

    /* Read header */
    if (fread(header, 1, 32, f) < 32) {
        if (feof(f))
            errx(1, "Corrupt patch\n");
        err(1, "fread(%s)", argv[3]);
    }

    /* Check for appropriate magic */
    if (memcmp(header, "BSDIFF40", 8) != 0)
        errx(1, "Corrupt patch\n");

    /* Read lengths from header */
    bzctrllen=offtin(header+8);
    bzdatalen=offtin(header+16);
    newsize=offtin(header+24);
    if((bzctrllen<0) || (bzdatalen<0) || (newsize<0))
        errx(1,"Corrupt patch\n");

    /* Close patch file and re-open it via libbzip2 at the right places */
    if (fclose(f))
        err(1, "fclose(%s)", argv[3]);
    if ((cpf = fopen(argv[3], "r")) == NULL)
        err(1, "fopen(%s)", argv[3]);
    if (fseeko(cpf, 32, SEEK_SET))
        err(1, "fseeko(%s, %lld)", argv[3],
            (long long)32);
    if ((cpfbz2 = BZ2_bzReadOpen(&cbz2err, cpf, 0, 0, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
        errx(1, "BZ2_bzReadOpen, bz2err = %d", cbz2err);
    if ((dpf = fopen(argv[3], "r")) == NULL)
        err(1, "fopen(%s)", argv[3]);
    if (fseeko(dpf, 32 + bzctrllen, SEEK_SET))
        err(1, "fseeko(%s, %lld)", argv[3],
            (long long)(32 + bzctrllen));
    if ((dpfbz2 = BZ2_bzReadOpen(&dbz2err, dpf, 0, 0, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
        errx(1, "BZ2_bzReadOpen, bz2err = %d", dbz2err);
    if ((epf = fopen(argv[3], "r")) == NULL)
        err(1, "fopen(%s)", argv[3]);
    if (fseeko(epf, 32 + bzctrllen + bzdatalen, SEEK_SET))
        err(1, "fseeko(%s, %lld)", argv[3],
            (long long)(32 + bzctrllen + bzdatalen));
    if ((epfbz2 = BZ2_bzReadOpen(&ebz2err, epf, 0, 0, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
        errx(1, "BZ2_bzReadOpen, bz2err = %d", ebz2err);

    if(((fd=open(argv[1],O_RDONLY,0))<0) ||
        ((oldsize=lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END))==-1) ||
        ((old=malloc(oldsize+1))==NULL) ||
        (lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET)!=0) ||
        (read(fd,old,oldsize)!=oldsize) ||
        (close(fd)==-1)) err(1,"%s",argv[1]);
    if((new=malloc(newsize+1))==NULL) err(1,NULL);

    oldpos=0;newpos=0;
    while(newpos<newsize) {
        /* Read control data */
        for(i=0;i<=2;i++) {
            lenread = BZ2_bzRead(&cbz2err, cpfbz2, buf, 8);
            if ((lenread < 8) || ((cbz2err != BZ_OK) &&
                (cbz2err != BZ_STREAM_END)))
                errx(1, "Corrupt patch\n");
            ctrl[i]=offtin(buf);
        };

        /* Sanity-check */
        if(newpos+ctrl[0]>newsize)
            errx(1,"Corrupt patch\n");

        /* Read diff string */
        lenread = BZ2_bzRead(&dbz2err, dpfbz2, new + newpos, ctrl[0]);
        if ((lenread < ctrl[0]) ||
            ((dbz2err != BZ_OK) && (dbz2err != BZ_STREAM_END)))
            errx(1, "Corrupt patch\n");

        /* Add old data to diff string */
        for(i=0;i<ctrl[0];i++)
            if((oldpos+i>=0) && (oldpos+i<oldsize))
                new[newpos+i]+=old[oldpos+i];

        /* Adjust pointers */
        newpos+=ctrl[0];
        oldpos+=ctrl[0];

        /* Sanity-check */
        if(newpos+ctrl[1]>newsize)
            errx(1,"Corrupt patch\n");

        /* Read extra string */
        lenread = BZ2_bzRead(&ebz2err, epfbz2, new + newpos, ctrl[1]);
        if ((lenread < ctrl[1]) ||
            ((ebz2err != BZ_OK) && (ebz2err != BZ_STREAM_END)))
            errx(1, "Corrupt patch\n");

        /* Adjust pointers */
        newpos+=ctrl[1];
        oldpos+=ctrl[2];
    };

    /* Clean up the bzip2 reads */
    BZ2_bzReadClose(&cbz2err, cpfbz2);
    BZ2_bzReadClose(&dbz2err, dpfbz2);
    BZ2_bzReadClose(&ebz2err, epfbz2);
    if (fclose(cpf) || fclose(dpf) || fclose(epf))
        err(1, "fclose(%s)", argv[3]);

    /* Write the new file */
    if(((fd=open(argv[2],O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY,0666))<0) ||
        (write(fd,new,newsize)!=newsize) || (close(fd)==-1))
        err(1,"%s",argv[2]);

    free(new);
    free(old);

    return 0;
}

为了JNI开发方便,我们可以生成BsPatch的头文件

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */
#include <jni.h>
/* Header for class com_castiel_inupdate_utils_BsPatch */

#ifndef _Included_com_castiel_inupdate_utils_BsPatch
#define _Included_com_castiel_inupdate_utils_BsPatch
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/*
 * Class:     com_castiel_inupdate_utils_BsPatch
 * Method:    patch
 * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V
 */
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_castiel_inupdate_utils_BsPatch_patch
  (JNIEnv *, jclass, jstring, jstring, jstring);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif

Android.mk文件配置

LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)  
include $(CLEAR_VARS)  

LOCAL_MODULE:= bspatch   
LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= bspatch.c

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)  

第3步.安装合并后的新APK

String newApkPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator + "castielNew.apk";
installApk(MainActivity.this, newApkPath);

   /**
     * 安装Apk
     * @param context
     * @param apkPath
     */
    public static void installApk(Context context, String apkPath) {

        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + apkPath),
                "application/vnd.android.package-archive");

        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

注意不要忘记添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
服务端开发流程讲解

其实开发非常简单,这里我简单的说明一下关键源码

public class BsDiff {

    /**
     * 导入差分库,调用差分方法
     * @param oldfile
     * @param newfile
     * @param patchfile
     */
    public native static void diff(String oldfile, String newfile, String patchfile);

    static{
        System.loadLibrary("bsdiff.so");
    }
}

测试得到差分包

public class Test {
    public static final String OLD_APK_PATH = "你服务器端的路径/castiel_old.apk";

    public static final String NEW_APK_PATH = "你服务器端的路径/castiel_new.apk";

    public static final String PATCH_PATH = "你服务器端的路径/castiel/apk/apk.patch";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //得到差分包
        BsDiff.diff(ConstantsWin.OLD_APK_PATH, ConstantsWin.NEW_APK_PATH, ConstantsWin.PATCH_PATH);     

    }

}
增量更新的问题
  • 增量更新在实施中,我们无法保证用户每次都能够及时升级到最新版本,所以必须对所发布的每一个版本都和最新的版本作差分处理,以便让所有版本的用户都可以进行差分升级,这样的流程除非通过自动化的脚本批量生成否则比较繁琐。
  • 增量更新对于手机内存无法提供足够空间用作本地APK合成的用户和本地APK损坏的用户来说,是无法实现的。
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