手记

浅谈Android中的MVP架构

一、前言

Android中的Mvp模式也不是什么新概念了,网上也有许关于Mvp的案例,但是感觉很多写得还是不够清晰,并且大多实际的项目涉及到数据绑定以及响应式编程的东西,给许多刚想了解Mvp架构的朋友带来了不必要的理解难度。Android也是丢了很长一段时间,平日里逛这些社区时,这些关于架构的概念还是接触了不少,但是“纸上识来终觉浅,要知此事需躬行”,所以这里我写篇博客总结一下。

二、介绍

MVP作为现在android最主流的架构,还是在很多方面有着优势的。在传统的模式中,本该为视图层的却是非常臃肿的,在activity或者fragment中,既做了数据的绑定,又进行了网络的请求和Ui的更新。而在MVP模式中就对这一点做了很好的解耦,这里也还是拿一张图来看看

很显然MVP,也就是分为三层,其中View层只负责视图的显示以及更新,Model只负责数据的获取(如网络请求等),而Presenter层则是负责View和Model通信的桥梁,接收model请求的结果后返回给View,或者接收View层的信息后到Model层进行请求,以及其它的一些逻辑,这样一来Presenter层就是纯java代码。

优点

这样一来,就很好的体现了单一职责的原则,并且严格分为三层,即使后期业务变多,结构仍然清晰,非常利于项目后期的维护,当有新的需求时,只需将相关的需求写在接口,然后实现这个接口,无需顾及之前的结构,免去几方面去调整的头痛。另外,还能更好的对接口代码进行单元测试。

缺点以及解决的一些办法

使用Mvp模式去构建项目,会造成类文件和接口文件的过多,进而增大包的体积。这里的话,可以采用官方的做法,写一个Contract接口,然后把与Mvp三层的相关接口全部列入到里面去,类似下面这种。

public interface Contract {
     public interface IModel {
             xxx; 
             xxx;
     }
     public interface IPresenter {
             xxx; 
             xxx;
     }

     public interface IView {
             xxx; 
             xxx;
     }
}

除此之外,就是内存泄漏的问题。用户关闭了View层,但这时Model层如果仍然在进行耗时操作,因为Presenter层也持有View层的引用,所以造成垃圾回收器无法对View层进行回收,这样一来,就造成了内存泄漏。这里可以重写onDestroy()方法,在View销毁时强制回收掉Presenter;还有一个解决办法就是采用弱引用的方式,如下

WeakReference<xxx> refrence = new WeakRefrence<>(this); 
// 使用时直接 就能获得对象的引用
reference.get();

然后在引用进行引用之前,都需要判断引用不为空,以防止空指针异常。

三、实际案例

这里使用XRecyclerView进行上拉加载和下拉刷新,使用AsyncTask进行异步请求。这里就还是分开了来写
首先是Model接口

public interface ICommonModel {

    /**
     * 传入List和当前页数
     * @param
     * @param pageIndex
     */
    void getData(int pageIndex,RequestResult result);

    /**
     *  记录数量
     * @return
     */
    int count();

    /**
     *  请求接口的回调
     * @param <T>
     */
    public interface RequestResult<T> {
        void onStart();
        void onSuccess(List<T> beanList);
        void onFailure();
        void onEnd();
    }
}

model的实现

public class HomeCircleModelImpl implements ICommonModel {

    private static int count = 0;
    private JSONArray results;
    private ICommonModel.RequestResult<HomeCircleBean> result;
    private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;

    @Override
    public void getData(int pageIndex, RequestResult result) {
        this.result = result;
        new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+pageIndex);
    }

    @Override
    public int count() {
        return count;
    }

    /**
     *  异步加载Json数据
     */
    class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            result.onStart();
        }

        @Override
        protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
            IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
            IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
            IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
            String data = response.getData().toString();
            try {
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
                count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
                results = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Gson gson = new Gson();
            circleBeanList =
                    gson.fromJson(results.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
                    }.getType());

            return circleBeanList;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
            super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);
            if (homeCircleBeans != null) {
                result.onSuccess(homeCircleBeans);
            } else {
                result.onFailure();
            }
            result.onEnd();
        }
    }
}

然后是Presenter接口

public interface IHomeCirclePresenter {
    /**
     *  刷新
     */
    void onRefresh();

    /**
     *  加载更多
     */
    void onLoadMore();

}

Presenter实现类

public class HomeCirclePresenter implements ICommonPresenter {

    public static CircleListAdapter adapter;
    private ICommonModel circleModel;
    private ICommonView circleView;
    private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
    private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanLists;

    public HomeCirclePresenter(ICommonModel circleModel, ICommonView circleView) {
        this.circleModel = circleModel;
        this.circleView = circleView;
        this.circleBeanLists = new ArrayList<>();
        adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleBeanLists);
    }
    @Override
    public void onRefresh() {
        circleBeanLists.clear();
        mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
        circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {

            @Override
            public void onStart() {
                circleView.showLoading();
            }

            @Override
            public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
                circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure() {

            }

            @Override
            public void onEnd() {
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                circleView.hideLoading();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onLoadMore() {
        mCurrentPageIndex++;
        circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {

            @Override
            public void onStart() {
                circleView.showLoading();
            }

            @Override
            public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
                if (adapter.getItemCount() >= circleModel.count()) {
                    circleView.noMoreData();
                } else {
                    circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure() {

            }

            @Override
            public void onEnd() {
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                circleView.hideLoading();
            }
        });
    }
}

最后是View接口

public interface ICommonView {

    /**
     *  显示进度
     */
    void showLoading();

    /**
     *  隐藏进度
     */
    void hideLoading();

    /**
     *  数据加载完成
     */
    void noMoreData();
}

实现类

public class HomeCircleView extends BaseFragment implements ICommonView {

    private Dialog dialog;
    private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    private View mView;
    private ICommonPresenter presenter;
    private ICommonModel model;

    @Override
    public int setResourceLayoutId() {
        return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
    }

    @Override
    public int setRecyclerViewId() {
        return R.id.mRecyclerView;
    }

    @Override
    public void initView() {
        mView = getmView();
        model = new HomeCircleModelImpl();
        WeakReference<HomeCircleView> reference = new WeakReference<>(this);
        presenter = new HomeCirclePresenter(model,reference.get());

    }

    @Override
    public void initListener() {
        mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
        mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
            @Override
            public void onRefresh() {
                refreshData();
            }

            @Override
            public void onLoadMore() {
                loadMoreData();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void refreshData() {

        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                presenter.onRefresh();
                mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
            }
        },500);
    }

    private void loadMoreData() {
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                presenter.onLoadMore();
                mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
            }
        },500);
    }

    @Override
    public void showLoading() {
        dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),"正在努力...加载中~");
        dialog.show();
    }

    @Override
    public void hideLoading() {
        dialog.dismiss();
    }

    @Override
    public void noMoreData() {
        mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
    }
}

然后看看传统模式

public class HomeCircleFragment extends BaseFragment {

    public static final String SEARCH_CIRCLE_RESULTS = "search_circle_result";

    private View mView;
    private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    private CircleListAdapter adapter;
    private List<HomeCircleBean> circleList = new ArrayList<>();
    private HomeCircleBean circleBean;
    private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
    private HomeCircleAsyncTask asyncTask;
    private JSONArray result;
    private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;
    private int count;
    private Dialog dialog;

    @Override
    public int setResourceLayoutId() {
        return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
    }

    @Override
    public int setRecyclerViewId() {
        return R.id.mRecyclerView;
    }

    @Override
    public void initView() {
        mView = getmView();
        dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),getString(R.string.common_loading));
        adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleList);
    }

    @Override
    public void initListener() {
        mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
        mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
            @Override
             public void onRefresh() {
                refreshData();
            }

            @Override
            public void onLoadMore() {
                loadmoreData();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     *  刷新数据
     */
    @Override
    public void refreshData() {
        circleList.clear();
        mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
                mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
            }
        },500);

    }
    private void loadmoreData() {
        mCurrentPageIndex++;
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (adapter.getItemCount() >= count) {
                    mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
                } else {
                    new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
                    mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
                }
            }
        },500);
    }
        /**
         *  异步加载Json数据
         */
    class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            dialog.show();
        }

        @Override
        protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
            IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
            IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
            IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
            String data = response.getData().toString();
            try {
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
                count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
                result = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Gson gson = new Gson();
            circleBeanList =
                    gson.fromJson(result.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
                    }.getType());

            return circleBeanList;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
            super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);

            for (HomeCircleBean circle : homeCircleBeans) {
                circleBean =
                        new HomeCircleBean(circle.getId(), circle.getImage(), circle.getName(), circle.getDesc(),
                                circle.getUser(), circle.getAddress(), circle.getAdd_time());
                circleList.add(circleBean);
            }
            adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    }
}

可以比较一下这二者的区别,虽然现在看来传统模式下代码更加少,但是整体比较乱,视图,数据,请求之间的耦合度高。
因为这些代码是直接从项目抽出来的,还封装了一些东西,这里就不列出来了,后面会附上github地址,关键是具体实现需求时,对整体架构思路的清晰。

四、总结

因为有一段时间没搞android了,在实现了需求后,本想不去管了然后去学习新的东西,但是也意识到了学再多新的东西,用不到的情况下照样会忘记,来来去去实力并没有得到提升,学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆,多增加在原有基础上的优化,以增强自己的内功,所以决定把传统模式的项目用MVP重构,这里我保留了传统模式和MVP模式下的代码,以方便两者的比较学习。
总的来说,MVP使项目整体结构更加清晰,高内聚、低耦合。
那这篇博客就先到这里了。

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