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重构!将Google MVP应用于已有项目

潇湘沐
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将Google官方的Android MVP架构引入到已有的项目中。

前言

在本次项目重构之前,我的项目采用的是什么架构呢?

额,没有架构…或者说,不那么标准的MVC,一个页面就是一个Activity或者Fragment,各种数据,网络请求,响应都写在Activity或者Fragment–这两个不怎么标准的Controller中,代码混乱,而且长长长长长长,写代码的时候一时爽,到了维护阶段,那酸爽,不敢相信。采用新的架构迫在眉睫。

事实上,已经有很多的App项目采用了MVP或者MVVM等架构。由于并没有那么权威的实现,很多开发者也陷入了选择困难症,在各种架构直接摇摆不定,找不到适合自己项目架构。而Google也适时的推出了一系列官方示例用于参考。

Google示例项目

Android Architecture Blueprints [beta]

示例项目以一个TODO APP为例,目前仍然在进行中。本次项目重构采用的是基础版 todo-mvp

示例项目的代码组织方式和我之前以adapter, activity, fragment等组织方式不同,采用的是按照功能划分,一种功能就是一个包,包内文件以xxxactivity, xxxfragment, xxxcontract, xxxpresenter命名,xxx代表着所要实现的功能。本次项目重构两种方式均有采用。

重构

首先是仿照TODO MVP,建立两个Base接口,BaseView和BasePresenter,这两个基本接口是所有的View和Presenter的基类。

[代码]java代码:

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public interface BasePresenter {

    void start();

}

 

BasePresenter中有方法start(),作用是Presenter开始获取数据并改变界面显示,调用时机为Fragment的onResume()方法中。

[代码]java代码:

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public interface BaseView<t> {

    void setPresenter(T presenter);

    void initViews(View view);

}</t>

 

BaseView中有方法setPresenter(),将Presenter示例传入view,调用时机为Presenter实现类的构造方法中,initViews()传入View实例,用于初始化界面元素,调用时机为Fragment的onCreate()方法中。

接着创建契约类,用于统一管理View和Presenter的所有接口。这里以知乎日报的部分为例。

[代码]java代码:

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public interface ZhihuDailyContract {

    interface View extends BaseView<presenter> {

        void showError();

        void showLoading();

        void stopLoading();

        void showResults(ArrayList<zhihudailynews.question>   list);

        void showNetworkError();

    }

    interface Presenter extends BasePresenter {

        void loadPosts(long date, boolean clearing);

        void refresh();

        void loadMore(long date);

        void startReading(int position);

        void goToSettings();

    }

}</zhihudailynews.question></presenter>

 

然后创建相应的Activity,在官方的示例项目中,Activity是作为View和Presenter的桥梁使用,用于创建View和Presenter实例。本项目由于涉及了TabLayout和ViewPager的使用,所以创建View和Presenter的部分我放到了ViewPager的Adapter中实现。

[代码]java代码:

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public class MainPagerAdapter   extends FragmentPagerAdapter   {

    private String[] titles;

    private final Context context;

    public MainPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm,   Context context) {

        super(fm);

        this.context   = context;

        titles   = context.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.page_titles);

    }

     

@Override

    public Fragment getItem(int position) {

        if (position == 1){

            GuokrFragment   fragment = GuokrFragment.newInstance();

            new GuokrPresenter(context, fragment);

            return fragment;

        }   else if (position == 2){

            DoubanMomentFragment   fragment = DoubanMomentFragment.newInstance();

            new DoubanMomentPresenter(context, fragment);

            return fragment;

        }

        ZhihuDailyFragment   fragment = ZhihuDailyFragment.newInstance();

        new ZhihuDailyPresenter(context, fragment);

        return fragment;

    }

     

@Override

    public int getCount() {

        return titles.length;

    }

     

@Override

    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {

        return titles[position];

    }

}

 

Fragment在示例项目中的角色为View的具体实现类。

[代码]java代码:

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public class ZhihuDailyFragment   extends Fragment

        implements ZhihuDailyContract.View{

    private RecyclerView recyclerView;

    private SwipeRefreshLayout refresh;

    private FloatingActionButton fab;

    private ZhihuDailyNewsAdapter adapter;

    private ZhihuDailyContract.Presenter presenter;

    public ZhihuDailyFragment() {

    }

    public static ZhihuDailyFragment newInstance() {

        return new ZhihuDailyFragment();

    }

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    }

     

@Nullable

     

@Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater   inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View   view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_douban_zhihu_daily,container,false);

        initViews(view);

        presenter.loadPosts(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(),   false);

        refresh.setOnRefreshListener(new SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener() {

             

@Override

            public void onRefresh() {

                presenter.refresh();

            }

        });

        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

             

@Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                ...

            }

        });

        return view;

    }

     

@Override

    public void setPresenter(ZhihuDailyContract.Presenter presenter) {

        if (presenter != null) {

            this.presenter   = presenter;

        }

    }

     

@Override

    public void initViews(View view) {

        recyclerView   = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.rv_main);

        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getContext()));

        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(getActivity(),LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL));

        refresh   = (SwipeRefreshLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.refresh);

        fab   = (FloatingActionButton) view.findViewById(R.id.fab);

        fab.setRippleColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.colorPrimaryDark));

    }

     

@Override

    public void showError() {

        Snackbar.make(fab,   R.string.loaded_failed,Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }

     

@Override

    public void showLoading() {

        refresh.post(new Runnable() {

             

@Override

            public void run() {

                refresh.setRefreshing(true);

            }

        });

    }

     

@Override

    public void stopLoading() {

        refresh.post(new Runnable() {

             

@Override

            public void run() {

                refresh.setRefreshing(false);

            }

        });

    }

     

@Override

    public void showResults(ArrayList<zhihudailynews.question> list) {

        if (adapter == null) {

            adapter   = new ZhihuDailyNewsAdapter(getContext(),   list);

            adapter.setItemClickListener(new OnRecyclerViewOnClickListener() {

                 

@Override

                public void OnItemClick(View v, int position) {

                    presenter.startReading(position);

                }

            });

            recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);

        }   else {

            adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

        }

    }

     

@Override

    public void showNetworkError() {

        Snackbar.make(fab,R.string.no_network_connected,Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE)

                .setAction(R.string.go_to_set,   new View.OnClickListener()   {

                     

@Override

                    public void onClick(View v) {

                        presenter.goToSettings();

                    }

                }).show();

    }

}</zhihudailynews.question>

 

创建Presenter。

[代码]java代码:

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public class ZhihuDailyPresenter   implements ZhihuDailyContract.Presenter,   OnStringListener {

    private ZhihuDailyContract.View view;

    private Context context;

    private StringModelImpl model;

    private ArrayList<zhihudailynews.question>   list = new ArrayList<zhihudailynews.question>();

    public ZhihuDailyPresenter(Context context,   ZhihuDailyContract.View view) {

        this.context   = context;

        this.view   = view;

        this.view.setPresenter(this);

        model   = new StringModelImpl(context);

    }

     

@Override

    public void loadPosts(long date, boolean clearing) {

        view.showLoading();

        if (clearing) {

            list.clear();

        }

        model.load(Api.ZHIHU_HISTORY   + formatter.ZhihuDailyDateFormat(date), this);

    }

     

@Override

    public void refresh() {

        list.clear();

        loadPosts(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(),   true);

    }

     

@Override

    public void loadMore(long date) {

        if (NetworkState.networkConnected(context))   {

            model.load(Api.ZHIHU_HISTORY   + formatter.ZhihuDailyDateFormat(date), this);

        }   else {

            view.showNetworkError();

        }

    }

     

@Override

    public void startReading(int position) {

        context.startActivity(new Intent(context, ZhihuDetailActivity.class)

                .putExtra("id",list.get(position).getId())

        );

    }

     

@Override

    public void goToSettings() {

        context.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS));

    }

     

@Override

    public void start() {

    }

     

@Override

    public void onSuccess(String result) {

        Gson   gson = new Gson();

        ZhihuDailyNews   post = gson.fromJson(result, ZhihuDailyNews.class);

        for (ZhihuDailyNews.Question item :   post.getStories()) {

            list.add(item);

        }

        view.showResults(list);

        view.stopLoading();

    }

     

@Override

    public void onError(VolleyError error) {

        view.stopLoading();

        view.showError();

    }

}</zhihudailynews.question></zhihudailynews.question>

 

Presenter获取到了View,并通过调用setPresenter()方法将自身传入,如果需要对改变界面显示,直接调用View层的方法即可。这样Presenter就于View层实现了分离。

最后是Model层的实现。由于使用了Gson,数据的返回类型只需要为String类型即可。

[代码]java代码:

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public interface OnStringListener {

    /**

     * 请求成功时回调

     * @param   result

     */

    void onSuccess(String result);

    /**

     * 请求失败时回调

     * @param   error

     */

    void onError(VolleyError error);

}

 

定义了两个方法,分别为请求成功时和请求失败时的回调。

然后需要一个StringModel的实现类–StringModelImpl。

[代码]java代码:

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public class StringModelImpl   {

    private Context context;

    public StringModelImpl(Context context) {

        this.context   = context;

    }

    public void load(String url, final OnStringListener listener) {

        StringRequest   request = new StringRequest(url,   new Response.Listener<string>()   {

             

@Override

            public void onResponse(String s) {

                listener.onSuccess(s);

            }

        },   new Response.ErrorListener()   {

             

@Override

            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {

                listener.onError(volleyError);

            }

        });

        VolleySingleton.getVolleySingleton(context).addToRequestQueue(request);

    }

}</string>

 

这样,Model, View, Presenter均已实现,实现了各个层次的分离。

采用MVP架构进行重构,代码量上相对于原项目时有所增加的,但这种数量的增加相对于MVP架构带来的好处是显而易见的。当然这是对于代码量比较大的项目而言,平时用于练手的小项目就没有必要强项目所难,勉强的实现MVP了,这样只会增加代码量而已。

原文链接:http://www.apkbus.com/blog-705730-62886.html

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