Espresso 自动化测试使用
Espresso是一个Android UI测试框架，由三部分组成
ViewMachers：寻找View
ViewActions: 执行交互事件
ViewAssertions：检验测试结果
添加加依赖库
android{
defaultConfig{
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
}
dependencies{
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.1.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
}com.android.support:support-annotations是注解库com.android.support.test:runner一个非捆绑的测试运行库com.android.support.test:rules一套使用在AndroidJUnitRunner的规则库com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-coreUI测试的核心库
使用Espresso测试
测试的UI对象TestActivity
布局文件 activity_test.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="test"/> <Button android:id="@+id/btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="botton" </LinearLayout>
TestActivity
public class TestActivity extends Activity{
TextView text;
Button btn; public void onCreate(Bundle data){
setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
text = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setOnClickListener(view -> text.setText("finish"));
}
}在androidTest文件目录下建一个测试类
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)public class UITest{ //设置初始启动测试Activity，并启动
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<TestActivity> mActivityRule
= new ActvitiyTestRule<>(TestActivity.class);
@Test
public void testClick(){
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btn)).preform(ViewActions.click()).check(ViewAssertions.matches(ViewMatchers.withText("finish")));
}
}ActivityTestRule 这个rule是用来测试单个Activity的,Activity将在@Test和@Before前启动
当你启动的Activity需要带参数时
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)public class UITest{ //设置初始启动测试Activity，ActivityTestRule的构造函数的第三个参数是否启动Activity
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<TestActivity> mActivityRule
= new ActvitiyTestRule<>(TestActivity.class,false,false); @Test
public void startActivity(){
Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
Intent intent = new Intent(context,TestActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("id",2)；
mActivityRule.launchActivity(intent);
} @Test
public void testClick(){
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btn)).perform(ViewActions.click()).check(ViewAssertions.matches(ViewMatchers.withText("finish")));
}
}
AdapterView、ListView、GridView 事件测试
ListView 的点击事件
//点击指定数据所在的 Item
Area area = new Area();
onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(Area.class)),is(area))).perform(click()); //点击指定位置的 Item
onData(is(instanceOf(Area.class))).atPosition(position).perform(click()); //使用自定义匹配数据的方法
onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(Area.class)),withAreaId("12"))).perform(click()); //点击特殊的 Item，如这里的 HeadView
onData(is(instanceOf(Area.class))).onChildView(instanceOf(HeadView.class)).perform(click());withAreaId 方法是返回一个自定义的Matcher，后面会讲到Matcher的自定义
RecyclerView 事件测试
测试 RecyclerView 需要使用RecyclerViewActions，使用该类需要在build.Gradle文件引入该库
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'
RecyclerViewActions的使用
//点击ID为recycler的RecyclerView的第2个位置的子ViewonView(withId(R.id.recycler)).perform(RecyclerViewActions.actionOnItemAtPosition(2,click()));//以下是RcyclerViewActions的一些Action方法//操作匹配的HolderViewactionOnHolderItem (Matcher<VH> viewHolderMatcher,ViewAction viewAction)//操作匹配的ItemactionOnItem (Matcher<View> itemViewMatcher, ViewAction viewAction)//操作指定位置的ItemactionOnItemAtPosition (int position,ViewAction viewAction)//移动到匹配的Item位置scrollTo (Matcher<View> itemViewMatcher)//移动到匹配的ViewHolder的位置scrollToHolder (Matcher<VH> viewHolderMatcher)//移动到指定位置scrollToPosition (int position)
自定义Matcher
定义前面提到的AdapterView的WithAreaId的Matcher
public class CustomViewMatchers{ public static Matcher<Object> withAreaId(String id){
public static Matcher<Object> withAreaId(final String areaId){ return new BoundedMatcher<Object, Area>(Area.class) {
@Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText("this a Matcher as match areaId");
} @Override
protected boolean matchesSafely(Area item) { return item.getAreaId().equals(areaId);
}
};
}
}
public static Matcher<View> withStartText(String startStr){ return new BaseMatcher<View>() { @Override
public boolean matches(Object item) {
TextView text = (TextView) item; return text.getText().toString().startsWith(startStr);
} @Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText("this is a Matcher as match head of String");
}
};
}
}自定义ViewAction
public class CustomViewActions{ static final class SeekBarAction implements ViewAction{ private int progress; public SeekBarAction(int progress){ this.progress = progress; } @Override public Matcher<View> getConstaints(){ return allOf(ViewMatchers.isAssignableFrom(SeekBar.class),ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()); } @Override public String getDescription(){ return "this is a seek ation with SeekBar"; } @Override public void perform(UiController uiController,View view){ SeekBar seekBar = (SeekBar)view; seekBar.seekTo(progress); } } }
异步操作测试
需要自定义 IdlingResouce，看了几篇博客描述的都有问题，建议直接参考Google官方项目IdlingResourceSample
后面有时间会补上异步操作的说明
ps:以上是本人对Espress的使用经验，有什么问题可以评论
参考资料：
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