MDN中给出了base64编码函数btoa
和解码函数atob
.
let encoded = btoa('yo'); // "eW8="let decoded = atob(encoded); // 'yo'
Unicode问题解法
有个小坑是它只支持ASCII. 如果你调用btoa("中文")
会报错:
Uncaught DOMException: Failed to execute 'btoa' on 'Window': The string to be encoded contains characters outside of the Latin1 range.
浏览器中DOMString是UTF-16编码. 如果输入字符串中包含超过8位(0x00~0xFF)的字符, 就会报这个错误.
思路一
对整个字符串进行转义(如使用encodeURIComponent
进行UTF-8转义)然后再btoa
编码.
let Base64 = { encode(str) { // first we use encodeURIComponent to get percent-encoded UTF-8, // then we convert the percent encodings into raw bytes which // can be fed into btoa. return btoa(encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/%([0-9A-F]{2})/g, function toSolidBytes(match, p1) { return String.fromCharCode('0x' + p1); })); }, decode(str) { // Going backwards: from bytestream, to percent-encoding, to original string. return decodeURIComponent(atob(str).split('').map(function (c) { return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2); }).join('')); } };let encoded = Base64.encode("哈ha"); // "5ZOIaGE="let decoded = Base64.decode(encoded); // "哈ha"
思路二
将UTF-16的DOMString
转化成UTF-8的字节数组然后编码.
MDN上此思路的解法用了很多库, 就不推荐了.
网上找到了下面这段代码, 思路是一样的, 但是是直接裸写的转换代码.
/** * * Base64 encode / decode * http://www.webtoolkit.info * **/var Base64 = { // private property _keyStr: "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=" // public method for encoding , encode: function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = Base64._utf8_encode(input); while (i < input.length) { chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++); enc1 = chr1 >> 2; enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4); enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6); enc4 = chr3 & 63; if (isNaN(chr2)) { enc3 = enc4 = 64; } else if (isNaN(chr3)) { enc4 = 64; } output = output + this._keyStr.charAt(enc1) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc2) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc3) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc4); } // Whend return output; } // End Function encode // public method for decoding ,decode: function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3; var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, ""); while (i < input.length) { enc1 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc2 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc3 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc4 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4); chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2); chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4; output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1); if (enc3 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2); } if (enc4 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3); } } // Whend output = Base64._utf8_decode(output); return output; } // End Function decode // private method for UTF-8 encoding ,_utf8_encode: function (string) { var utftext = ""; string = string.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n"); for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) { var c = string.charCodeAt(n); if (c < 128) { utftext += String.fromCharCode(c); } else if ((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } else { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224); utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } } // Next n return utftext; } // End Function _utf8_encode // private method for UTF-8 decoding ,_utf8_decode: function (utftext) { var string = ""; var i = 0; var c, c1, c2, c3; c = c1 = c2 = 0; while (i < utftext.length) { c = utftext.charCodeAt(i); if (c < 128) { string += String.fromCharCode(c); i++; } else if ((c > 191) && (c < 224)) { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 1); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63)); i += 2; } else { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 1); c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 2); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63)); i += 3; } } // Whend return string; } // End Function _utf8_decode }
参考
作者:柳正来
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/82afa633033e