注:本文为译文,原文出处 java-design-patterns-in-stories
状态模式主要用于在运行时改变状态.
状态模式故事
人们生活在不同的经济条件下. 他们或许富有或许贫穷. 这两种状态 - 富有与贫穷 - 可以随时间相互转换. 例子背后的启示: 人们通常在贫穷时候工作的更加努力, 而富有时则更乐于享乐. 他们的行为依赖于他们的生活状态. 这个状态可以基于他们的行为被改变, 不然, 这个社会就不公平了.
状态模式类图
下面是类图. 你可以拿 策略模式 来进行比较, 以便能更好的理解两者的不同.
状态模式Java代码
下面的Java代码体现了状态模式是如何进行工作的.
状态类.
package com.programcreek.designpatterns.state; interface State { public void saySomething(StateContext sc); } class Rich implements State{ @Override public void saySomething(StateContext sc) { System.out.println("I'm rick currently, and play a lot."); sc.changeState(new Poor()); } } class Poor implements State{ @Override public void saySomething(StateContext sc) { System.out.println("I'm poor currently, and spend much time working."); sc.changeState(new Rich()); } }
状态上下文类.
package com.programcreek.designpatterns.state; public class StateContext { private State currentState; public StateContext(){ currentState = new Poor(); } public void changeState(State newState){ this.currentState = newState; } public void saySomething(){ this.currentState.saySomething(this); } }
测试类.
import com.programcreek.designpatterns.*; public class Main { public static void main(String args[]){ StateContext sc = new StateContext(); sc.saySomething(); sc.saySomething(); sc.saySomething(); sc.saySomething(); } }
输出结果:
I'm poor currently, and spend much time working. I'm rick currently, and play a lot. I'm poor currently, and spend much time working. I'm rick currently, and play a lot.