1. 对话保持的解决方案。
要求:
1、app中使用webview访问具体网站的内容,但是app与服务器的沟通是使用HttpURLConnection来完成。
2、webview访问时不需要再次登陆,继承app的登陆状态。
会话未保持的现象:
1、虽然app已经登录服务器,但是在webview中还是提示需要登录。
2、app下一次对服务器的请求也会失败,提示session过期。
解决方案:
1、获取到HttpUrlConnection中服务器返回的session id。
2、本地保存session id,每次对服务器的请求,手动添加。
3、将此session id设置到持有webview的activity中的CookieManager里。
关键代码:
网络处理类 NetHelper/** * 发送登陆请求,并将SESSIONID保存起来 * @param urlPath 登陆请求的地址 * @return 返回的内容 * */public static String login(String urlPath) { ......省略号...... try { URL url = new URL(urlPath); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //设置请求方式 conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);// conn.setReadTimeout(5000); int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); cookList = conn.getHeaderFields().get("Set-Cookie"); if ((sessionId == null) && (cookList != null)) { for (String value : cookList) { if ((value != null) && (value.toUpperCase().indexOf(";") > 0)) { sessionId = value.split(";")[0]; } } } ......省略号...... } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } ......省略号...... }/** * 发送一条请求,将内容以字符串返回 * @param urlPath 请求的地址 * @return 返回的内容 * */public static String request(String urlPath) { ......省略号...... try { URL url = new URL(urlPath); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); if(sessionId !=null ){ conn.setRequestProperty("Cookie",sessionId); } conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);// conn.setReadTimeout(5000); ......省略号...... } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ......省略号...... }持有webview的Activity MainActivityprivate CookieManager cookieManager; cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance(); cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true); clearSession();private void clearSession() { if (NetHelper.cookList != null) { cookieManager.removeSessionCookie(); } }//在第一次请求的时候,设置一次session即可private void setSession(String url) { if (NetHelper.cookList != null) { String values = NetHelper.cookList.toString(); cookieManager.setCookie(url, values); //设置cookie CookieSyncManager.getInstance().sync(); //同步 } }
2. 自定义控件的实现方案
自定义控件的实现方式(详细内容可以参考压缩包中的<自定义控件.pdf>):
1、继承方式
当简单控件不满足需求时,通过继承重写简单控件,实现对控件的定制。
2、组合方式
当单个控件不满足需求时,可以采用多个控件的组合,实现对控件的定制。
3、控件自绘方式
通过继承自view,重写onDraw方法实现。
项目中的具体应用:
1、登录邮箱的自动补全功能实现(纯代码实现布局)。
2、弹窗滚轮的实现(代码加布局文件)
3、TabButton的实现(两种实现方式)
A、 登录邮箱的自动补全功能实现:
效果:
实现原理:
1、继承重写简单控件AutoCompleteTextView
2、编写自定义数据适配器和布局文件,并实现文字变化监听器
3、通过组合方式,实现右侧的删除图标。并根据焦点和文字的变化,动态显示右侧删除图标。
1、通过继承自简单控件AutoCompleteTextView实现帐号自动补全
关键代码:
public class AutoComplete extends AutoCompleteTextView { private static final String[] emailSuffix = { "@qq.com", "@163.com", "@126.com", "@gmail.com", "@sina.com", "@hotmail.com", "@yahoo.cn", "@sohu.com", "@foxmail.com", "@139.com", "@yeah.net", "@vip.qq.com", "@vip.sina.com"}; ......省略号...... //构造函数原型要正确,留给系统调用 public AutoComplete(Context context) { super(context); mContext = context; } public AutoComplete(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); mContext = context; } public void init(ImageView imageView) { mImageView = imageView; final MyAdatper adapter = new MyAdatper(mContext); setAdapter(adapter); addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() { @Override public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) { if (isTextWatch) { String input = s.toString(); ......省略号...... adapter.clearList(); //注意要清空数据,根据输入的变化,自动生成数据 if (input.length() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < emailSuffix.length; ++i) { adapter.addListData(input + emailSuffix[i]); } } adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showDropDown();//该行代码会造成崩溃 } } }); //当输入一个字符的时候就开始检测 setThreshold(1); } private class ViewHolder { TextView tv_Text; } class MyAdatper extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable { private List<String> mList; private Context mContext; private MyFilter mFilter; ......省略号...... public void clearList() { mList.clear(); } public void addListData(String strData) { mList.add(strData); } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View view; ViewHolder viewHolder; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.activity_autocomplete_item, null); viewHolder = new ViewHolder(); viewHolder.tv_Text = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_autocomplete); view.setTag(viewHolder); } else { view = convertView; viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); } viewHolder.tv_Text.setText(mList.get(position)); return view; } ......省略号...... }
activity_autocomplete_item 下拉列表布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="@color/White" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_autocomplete" android:padding="15dp" android:textSize="20sp" android:singleLine="true" android:textColor="@color/Black" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /></LinearLayout>
上面自动补全的效果图:
2、通过组合方式实现帐号自动补全复杂控件
关键代码:
public class AdvancedAutoCompleteTextView extends RelativeLayout { private Context mContext; private AutoComplete mAutoComplete; //上面的自定义控件 private ImageView mImageView; //右侧的图标控件 ......省略号...... @Override protected void onFinishInflate() { super.onFinishInflate(); initViews(); } //代码方式,初始化布局 private void initViews() { RelativeLayout.LayoutParams params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT); params.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_LEFT); params.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL); mAutoComplete = new AutoComplete(mContext); mAutoComplete.setLayoutParams(params); mAutoComplete.setPadding(0, 0, 40, 0); mAutoComplete.setSingleLine(true); mAutoComplete.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS); mAutoComplete.setFitsSystemWindows(true); mAutoComplete.setEms(10); mAutoComplete.setHint("URS账号"); mAutoComplete.setImeOptions(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_NEXT | EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_EXTRACT_UI | EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_FULLSCREEN); mAutoComplete.setDropDownHorizontalOffset(0); mAutoComplete.setDropDownVerticalOffset(2); mAutoComplete.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.edit_text_background); RelativeLayout.LayoutParams p = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT); p.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT); p.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL); p.rightMargin = 10; mImageView = new ImageView(mContext); mImageView.setLayoutParams(p); mImageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect); mImageView.setClickable(true); mImageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { setText(""); } }); this.addView(mAutoComplete); this.addView(mImageView); //监听获取焦点事件,目的:输入帐号时,右侧图标的显示 mAutoComplete.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() { @Override public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) { if (hasFocus && !mAutoComplete.getText().toString().isEmpty()) { mAutoComplete.setShow(false); //如果获取首次获取焦点,此时文本不为空,则显示,并禁止文本改变监听里的设置 mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.item_delete); } else if (hasFocus) { mAutoComplete.setShow(true);//如果获取首次获取焦点,此时文本为空,则不改变,并开启文本改变监听里的设置 } else { mAutoComplete.setShow(false); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect); } } }); //对AutoComplete自定义控件初始化,一定要放到最后.否则,会由于AutoComplete初始化未完成,就弹窗,而崩溃 mAutoComplete.init(mImageView); } }
B、弹窗滚轮的实现
效果:
实现原理:
1、继承重写简单控件ScrollView,实现滚动效果,并添加回调接口,用于获取选择的内容。
2、为自定义控件添加内容,其中每一项为一个TextView,用于内容显示。
3、通过自绘添加上下两条直线,实现选中状态。
4、最后利用popup弹窗,加载整个视图,显示弹窗滚动效果。
1、通过继承ScrollView实现滚动,并向布局添加具体项
关键代码:
public class WheelView extends ScrollView { //选择后的回调接口 public interface OnWheelViewListener { void onSelected(int selectedIndex, String item); } ......省略号...... //初始化,并创建布局 private void init(Context context) { this.context = context; this.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false); views = new LinearLayout(context); //为自定义控件创建线性布局 views.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); this.addView(views); //异步任务,根据滚动的位置自动调整待显示的数据,该异步任务会在滚动事件触发式执行 scrollerTask = new Runnable() { public void run() { if (itemHeight == 0) { return; } int newY = getScrollY(); if (initialY - newY == 0) { // stopped final int remainder = initialY % itemHeight; final int divided = initialY / itemHeight; if (remainder == 0) { selectedIndex = divided + offset; onSeletedCallBack(); } else { if (remainder > itemHeight / 2) { WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder + itemHeight); selectedIndex = divided + offset + 1; onSeletedCallBack(); } }); } else { WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder); selectedIndex = divided + offset; onSeletedCallBack(); } }); } } } else { initialY = getScrollY(); WheelView.this.postDelayed(scrollerTask, newCheck); } } }; } //往布局添加数据 private void initData() { displayItemCount = offset * 2 + 1; //添加新view之前,必须移除旧的,否则不正确 views.removeAllViews(); for (String item : items) { views.addView(createView(item)); } refreshItemView(0); } private TextView createView(String item) { TextView tv = new TextView(context); tv.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); tv.setSingleLine(true); tv.setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 20); tv.setText(item); tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER); int padding = dip2px(15); tv.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding); if (0 == itemHeight) { itemHeight = getViewMeasuredHeight(tv); views.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, itemHeight * displayItemCount)); LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) this.getLayoutParams(); this.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(lp.width, itemHeight * displayItemCount)); } return tv; } ......省略号...... @Override //上下直线的自绘 public void setBackgroundDrawable(Drawable background) { if (viewWidth == 0) { viewWidth = ((Activity) context).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth(); } if (null == paint) { paint = new Paint(); paint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#83cde6")); paint.setStrokeWidth(dip2px(1f)); } background = new Drawable() { @Override public void draw(Canvas canvas) { canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], viewWidth * 5 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], paint); canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], viewWidth * 5 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], paint); } }; super.setBackgroundDrawable(background); } }
2、动态加载布局,并利用PopupWindow弹窗显示。
关键代码:
private void addView(int num){ ......省略号...... wheel_layout_view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.wheel_view, null); ......省略号...... }
布局文件 wheel_view 效果图
private void popupWindows(List<String> list){ if (wheel_layout_view != null){ mPopupWindow = null; mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(wheel_layout_view); mPopupWindow.setWidth(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); mPopupWindow.setHeight(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); //点击外部,自动消失 mPopupWindow.setFocusable(true); mPopupWindow.setOutsideTouchable(true); ......省略号...... mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(ll_weidu_condition, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0); } }
C、TabButton的实现
效果:
1、利用.9.png图标实现(简单、美观)
属性定义attrs.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources> <!-- 自定义的button控件,用于日期的选择--> <declare-styleable name="TabButton"> <attr name="normal_bg_res" format="reference" /> <attr name="selected_bg_res" format="reference" /> </declare-styleable></resources>
布局文件:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" //声明自定义属性空间 ......省略号...... android:orientation="vertical"> ......省略号...... <xxxxxxxxxxx.customui.TabButton style="@style/commonButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_margin="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_height="40dp" android:text="昨天" android:textSize="22sp" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/btn_left" android:textColor="@color/blue" custom:normal_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left" custom:selected_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left_selected" android:id="@+id/bt_yesterday" /> ......省略号...... </LinearLayout>
关键代码:
public class TabButton extends Button { private int normal_bg_res; private int selected_bg_res; public TabButton(Context context) { super(context); } public TabButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray typeArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.TabButton); normal_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_normal_bg_res, 0); selected_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_selected_bg_res, 0); typeArray.recycle(); } public void setSelected(boolean selected) { if (selected) { setBackgroundResource(selected_bg_res); setTextColor(Color.WHITE); } else { setBackgroundResource(normal_bg_res); setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.blue)); } } }
2、利用布局文件实现(复杂、灵活)。
更多样式,可以参数官方的SDK(android-sdk-windows\platforms\android-1.5\data\res\)
布局样式button_style:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:state_pressed="true"> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="#0d76e1" /> </shape> </item> <item android:state_focused="true"> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="@color/Grey" /> </shape> </item> <item> <shape android:shape="rectangle"> <solid android:color="@color/Grey" /> </shape> </item></selector>
样式应用:
<Button android:id="@+id/tab_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="@drawable/button_style">
3. 蒙板效果的实现
1、不保留标题栏蒙板的实现
效果:
原理:
1、弹窗时,设置背景窗体的透明度
2、取消弹窗时,恢复背景窗体的透明度
关键代码:
private void popupWindows(List<String> list){ //产生背景变暗效果 WindowManager.LayoutParams lp=getWindow().getAttributes(); lp.alpha = 0.4f; getWindow().setAttributes(lp); ......省略号...... mPopupWindow.setOnDismissListener(new PopupWindow.OnDismissListener() { @Override public void onDismiss() { WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = getWindow().getAttributes(); lp.alpha = 1f; getWindow().setAttributes(lp); } }); ......省略号...... }
2、保留标题栏蒙板的实现
效果:
原理:
1、根据需求,设置蒙板布局大小。
2、弹窗时,显示蒙板布局
2、取消弹窗时,隐藏蒙板布局
关键代码:
1、蒙板布局实现:
<!-- popup蒙板 --><LinearLayout android:id="@+id/ll_popup_hide" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="@color/hide_bg" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="match_parent"></LinearLayout><color name="hide_bg">#88323232</color>
2、代码处理
ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //显示蒙板ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); //隐藏蒙板
4. Activity的回收与操作超时的处理
1、Activity的回收
针对多个activity退出的处理
关键代码:
1、新建活动管理类:
public class ActivityCollector { private static List<Activity> activityList = new ArrayList<Activity>(); public static void addActivity(Activity activity){ activityList.add(activity); } public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){ activityList.remove(activity); } public static void finishAllButLast(){ Activity activity = activityList.get(activityList.size()-1); removeActivity(activity); for (Activity activityItem: activityList){ if (!activityItem.isFinishing()){ activityItem.finish(); } } activityList.clear(); activityList.add(activity); } public static void finishAll(){ for (Activity activity: activityList){ if (!activity.isFinishing()){ activity.finish(); } } activityList.clear(); } }
2、创建基类BaseActivity,并使所有的activity继承自该基类 。在创建时,添加到活动管理器,销毁时,从活动管理器中移除。
public class BaseActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ActivityCollector.addActivity(this); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this); } }
如果需要销毁所有activity,只需调用finishAll()即可
2、操作超时处理
原理:
1、在activity的stop函数中,根据app进程IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND判断app在前台或后台
2、在activity的onResume函数中,做超时检查。
关键代码:
abstract public class TimeOutCheckActivity extends BaseActivity { private boolean isLeave = false; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); pref = getSharedPreferences(Constant.CONFIG_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); } /** * 回调函数,方便测试 * @return */ abstract protected String getTag(); ......省略号...... /*** * 当用户使程序恢复为前台显示时执行onResume()方法,在其中判断是否超时. */ @Override protected void onResume() {// Log.i("Back",getTag() + ",onResume,是否在前台:" + isOnForeground()); super.onResume(); if (isLeave) { isLeave = false; timeOutCheck(); } } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); if (!isOnForeground()){ if (!isLeave && isOpenALP()) { isLeave = true; saveStartTime(); } } } public void timeOutCheck() { long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis(); if (endtime - getStartTime() >= Constant.TIMEOUT_ALP * 1000) { Util.toast(this, "超时了,请重新验证"); String alp = pref.getString(Constant.ALP, null); if (alp == null || alp == "") { } else { Intent intent = new Intent(this, UnlockGesturePasswordActivity.class); intent.putExtra("pattern", alp); intent.putExtra("login",false); //手势验证,不进行登录验证 intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK); // 打开新的Activity startActivityForResult(intent, Constant.REQ_COMPARE_PATTERN_TIMEOUT_CHECK); } } } public void saveStartTime() { pref.edit().putLong(Constant.START_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis()).commit(); } public long getStartTime() { long startTime = 0; try { startTime = pref.getLong(Constant.START_TIME, 0); }catch (Exception e){ startTime = 0; } return startTime; } /** * 程序是否在前端运行,通过枚举运行的app实现。防止重复超时检测多次,保证只有一个activity进入超时检测 *当用户按home键时,程序进入后端运行,此时会返回false,其他情况引起activity的stop函数的调用,会返回true * @return */ public boolean isOnForeground() { ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE); String packageName = getApplicationContext().getPackageName(); List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> appProcesses = activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses(); if (appProcesses == null) return false; for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo appProcess : appProcesses) { if (appProcess.processName.equals(packageName) && appProcess.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND) { return true; } } return false; } }
补充说明:
可以根据importance的不同来判断前台或后台,RunningAppProcessInfo 里面的常量IMTANCE就是上面所说的前台后台,其实IMOPORTANCE是表示这个app进程的重要性,因为系统回收时候,会根据IMOPORTANCE来回收进程的。具体可以去看文档。
public static final int IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND = 400//后台 public static final int IMPORTANCE_EMPTY = 500//空进程 public static final int IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND = 100//在屏幕最前端、可获取到焦点 可理解为Activity生命周期的OnResume(); public static final int IMPORTANCE_SERVICE = 300//在服务中 public static final int IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE = 200//在屏幕前端、获取不到焦点可理解为Activity生命周期的OnStart();
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插眼留着之后看行不行。
先插眼,之后再细看。