引言
什么是网关?为什么需要使用网关?
如图所示,在不使用网关的情况下,我们的服务是直接暴露给服务调用方。当调用方增多,势必需要添加定制化访问权限、校验等逻辑。当添加API网关后,再第三方调用端和服务提供方之间就创建了一面墙,这面墙直接与调用方通信进行权限控制。
本文所实现的网关源码抄袭了---Oh,不对,是借鉴。借鉴了Zuul网关的源码,提炼出其核心思路,实现了一套简单的网关源码,博主将其改名为Eatuul。
题外话
本文是业内能搜到的第一篇自己动手实现网关的文章。博主写的手把手系列的文章,目的是在以最简单的方式,揭露出中间件的核心原理,让读者能够迅速了解实现的核心。需要说明的是,这不是源码分析系列的文章,因此写出来的代码,省去了一些复杂的内容,毕竟大家能理解到该中间件的核心原理即可。如果想看源码分析系列的,请关注博主,后期会将spring、spring boot、dubbo、mybatis等开源框架一一揭示。
正文
设计思路
先大致说一下,就是定义一个Servlet接收请求。然后经过preFilter(封装请求参数),routeFilter(转发请求),postFilter(输出内容)。三个过滤器之间,共享request、response以及其他的一些全局变量。如下图所示
和真正的Zuul的区别?
主要区别有如下几点
(1)Zuul中在异常处理模块,有一个ErrorFilter来处理,博主在实现的时候偷懒了,略去。
(2)Zuul中PreFilters,RoutingFilters,PostFilters默认都实现了一组,具体如下表所示
博主总不可能每一个都给你们实现一遍吧。所以偷懒了,每种只实现一个。但是调用顺序还是不变,按照PreFilters->RoutingFilters->PostFilters的顺序调用
(3)在routeFilters确实有转发请求的Filter,然而博主偷天换日了,改用RestTemplate实现.
代码结构
大家去spring官网上搭建一套springboot的项目,博主就不展示pom的代码了。直接将项目结构展示一下,如下图所示
EatuulServlet.java
这个是网关的入口,逻辑也十分简单,分为三步
(1)将request,response放入threadlocal中
(2)执行三组过滤器
(3)清除threadlocal中的的环境变量
源码如下
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.http;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;@WebServlet(name = "eatuul", urlPatterns = "/*") public class EatuulServlet extends HttpServlet { private EatRunner eatRunner = new EatRunner(); @Override public void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //将request,和response放入上下文对象中 eatRunner.init(req, resp); try { //执行前置过滤 eatRunner.preRoute(); //执行过滤 eatRunner.route(); //执行后置过滤 eatRunner.postRoute(); } catch (Throwable e) { RequestContext.getCurrentContext().getResponse() .sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e.getMessage()); } finally { //清除变量 RequestContext.getCurrentContext().unset(); } } }
EatuulRunner.java
这个是具体的执行器。需要说明一下,在Zuul中,ZuulRunner在获取具体有哪些过滤器的时候,有一个FileLoader可以动态读取配置加载。博主在实现我们自己的EatuulRunner时候,略去动态读取的过程,直接静态写死。
源码如下
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.http;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.EatuulFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.post.SendResponseFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.pre.RequestWrapperFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.route.RoutingFilter;public class EatRunner { //静态写死过滤器 private ConcurrentHashMap<String, List<EatuulFilter>> hashFiltersByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, List<EatuulFilter>>(){{ put("pre",new ArrayList<EatuulFilter>(){{ add(new RequestWrapperFilter()); }}); put("route",new ArrayList<EatuulFilter>(){{ add(new RoutingFilter()); }}); put("post",new ArrayList<EatuulFilter>(){{ add(new SendResponseFilter()); }}); }}; public void init(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); ctx.setRequest(req); ctx.setResponse(resp); } public void preRoute() throws Throwable { runFilters("pre"); } public void route() throws Throwable{ runFilters("route"); } public void postRoute() throws Throwable{ runFilters("post"); } public void runFilters(String sType) throws Throwable { List<EatuulFilter> list = this.hashFiltersByType.get(sType); if (list != null) { for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { EatuulFilter zuulFilter = list.get(i); zuulFilter.run(); } } } }
EatuulFilter.java
接下来就是一系列Filter的代码了,先上父类EatuulFilter的源码
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter;public abstract class EatuulFilter { abstract public String filterType(); abstract public int filterOrder(); abstract public void run(); }
RequestWrapperFilter.java
这个是PreFilter,前置执行过滤器,负责封装请求。步骤如下所示
(1)封装请求头
(2)封装请求体
(3)构造出RestTemplate能识别的RequestEntity
(4)将RequestEntity放入全局threadlocal之中
代码如下所示
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.pre;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.URI;import java.net.URISyntaxException;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.List;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity;import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.EatuulFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.http.RequestContext;public class RequestWrapperFilter extends EatuulFilter{ @Override public String filterType() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return "pre"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return -1; } @Override public void run() { String rootURL = "http://localhost:9090"; RequestContext ctx =RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest servletRequest = ctx.getRequest(); String targetURL = rootURL + servletRequest.getRequestURI(); RequestEntity<byte[]> requestEntity = null; try { requestEntity = createRequestEntity(servletRequest, targetURL); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //4、将requestEntity放入全局threadlocal之中 ctx.setRequestEntity(requestEntity); } private RequestEntity createRequestEntity(HttpServletRequest request,String url) throws URISyntaxException, IOException { String method = request.getMethod(); HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(method); //1、封装请求头 MultiValueMap<String, String> headers =createRequestHeaders(request); //2、封装请求体 byte[] body = createRequestBody(request); //3、构造出RestTemplate能识别的RequestEntity RequestEntity requestEntity = new RequestEntity<byte[]>(body,headers,httpMethod, new URI(url)); return requestEntity; } private byte[] createRequestBody(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); return StreamUtils.copyToByteArray(inputStream); } private MultiValueMap<String, String> createRequestHeaders(HttpServletRequest request) { HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); List<String> headerNames = Collections.list(request.getHeaderNames()); for(String headerName:headerNames) { List<String> headerValues = Collections.list(request.getHeaders(headerName)); for(String headerValue:headerValues) { headers.add(headerName, headerValue); } } return headers; } }
RoutingFilter.java
这个是routeFilter,这里我偷懒了,直接做转发请求,并且将返回值ResponseEntity放入全局threadlocal中
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.route;import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.EatuulFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.http.RequestContext; public class RoutingFilter extends EatuulFilter{ @Override public String filterType() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return "route"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } @Override public void run(){ RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); RequestEntity requestEntity = ctx.getRequestEntity(); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity,byte[].class); ctx.setResponseEntity(responseEntity); } }
SendResponseFilter.java
这个是postFilters,将ResponseEntity输出即可
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.post;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.filter.EatuulFilter;import com.rjzheng.eatuul.http.RequestContext;public class SendResponseFilter extends EatuulFilter{ @Override public String filterType() { return "post"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 1000; } @Override public void run() { try { addResponseHeaders(); writeResponse(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void addResponseHeaders() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletResponse servletResponse = ctx.getResponse(); ResponseEntity responseEntity = ctx.getResponseEntity(); HttpHeaders httpHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders(); for(Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry:httpHeaders.entrySet()) { String headerName = entry.getKey(); List<String> headerValues = entry.getValue(); for(String headerValue:headerValues) { servletResponse.addHeader(headerName, headerValue); } } } private void writeResponse()throws Exception { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletResponse servletResponse = ctx.getResponse(); if (servletResponse.getCharacterEncoding() == null) { // only set if not set servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); } ResponseEntity responseEntity = ctx.getResponseEntity(); if(responseEntity.hasBody()) { byte[] body = (byte[]) responseEntity.getBody(); ServletOutputStream outputStream = servletResponse.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write(body); outputStream.flush(); } } }
RequestContext.java
最后是一直在说的全局threadlocal变量
package com.rjzheng.eatuul.http;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;public class RequestContext extends ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> { protected static Class<? extends RequestContext> contextClass = RequestContext.class; protected static final ThreadLocal<? extends RequestContext> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<RequestContext>() { @Override protected RequestContext initialValue() { try { return contextClass.newInstance(); } catch (Throwable e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }; public static RequestContext getCurrentContext() { RequestContext context = threadLocal.get(); return context; } public HttpServletRequest getRequest() { return (HttpServletRequest) get("request"); } public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { put("request", request); } public HttpServletResponse getResponse() { return (HttpServletResponse) get("response"); } public void setResponse(HttpServletResponse response) { set("response", response); } public void setRequestEntity(RequestEntity requestEntity){ set("requestEntity",requestEntity); } public RequestEntity getRequestEntity() { return (RequestEntity) get("requestEntity"); } public void setResponseEntity(ResponseEntity responseEntity){ set("responseEntity",responseEntity); } public ResponseEntity getResponseEntity() { return (ResponseEntity) get("responseEntity"); } public void set(String key, Object value) { if (value != null) put(key, value); else remove(key); } public void unset() { threadLocal.remove(); } }
如何测试?
自己另外起一个server端口为9090如下所示
package com.rjzheng.eatservice;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;import com.rjzheng.eatservice.controller.IndexController;@SpringBootApplication@ServletComponentScan(basePackageClasses = IndexController.class)public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).properties("server.port=9090").run(args); } }
再来一个controller
package com.rjzheng.eatservice.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestControllerpublic class IndexController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String index() { return "hello!world"; } }
然后,你就发现可以从localhost:8080/index进行跳转访问了
结论
本文模拟了一下zuul网关的源码,借鉴了一下其精髓的部分。希望大家能有所收获
作者:孤独烟 出处: http://rjzheng.cnblogs.com/
本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。如果觉得还有帮助的话,可以点一下右下角的【推荐】。
热门评论
EatRunner这个类没有贴出来