前言
上个月,同事出于好奇在群里问AOP的环绕通知与事务注解混合用会不会导致出现异常不回滚的情况。这个问题我一下子回答不上来,因为平时没这样用过,在好奇心的驱使下,我调试了半天终于得到结果,今天我就展开讲讲。(源码解读在最后面,感兴趣的可以看看。)
结论
首先告诉大家的是,同时使用AOP环绕通知和事务注解之后,最终生成的拦截器链的相对顺序是事务的拦截器在前面,AOP环绕通知的拦截器在后面。 在事务的实现中将拦截器的执行过程包裹在了try-catch块中,发生异常后根据配置来决定是否回滚事务。(详见org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor#invoke
),因此事务后面的拦截器都会影响事务的执行结果。如果在AOP环绕通知里面将拦截器链执行结果中的异常给吞掉,那么事务就会正常提交而不会回滚。
示例
业务代码
业务代码中直接抛出异常,代码如下所示。
package com.example.demo.aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
/**
* @Author Paul
* @Date 2022/7/3 15:52
*/
@Service
public class CustomService {
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void echo(){
boolean s = true;
if (s){
throw new RuntimeException("test");
}
System.out.println("Hello------");
}
}
环绕通知
环绕通知中捕捉异常并打印日志,代码如下所示。
package com.example.demo.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @Author Paul
* @Date 2022/7/3 15:49
*/
@Component
@Aspect
public class CustomAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.example.demo.aspect..*(..))")
public void pointcut(){
}
@Around("pointcut()")
public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
try {
joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
throwable.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试类
这里是用get请求来测试(本来应该用 unit test 来测试的,但是懒得写代码了,手动测试和 UT 的效果一样),代码如下所示。
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.aspect.CustomService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Date;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {
private CustomService customService;
@Autowired
public void setCustomService(CustomService customService) {
this.customService = customService;
}
@GetMapping("/echo")
public String echo(){
customService.echo();
return new Date().toString();
}
}
打断点
直接debug更加清晰,给出几个关键的位置,方便大家定位(记得下载spring源码再debug,不然会跟我给出的行数对不上)。
- org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport#invokeWithinTransaction line:388和407 (分别对应事务往后执行和最后提交事务的代码)
- com.example.demo.aspect.CustomAspect#around line:24和26 (自定义环绕通知的代码中的
joinPoint.proceed()
,以及异常处理的地方) - com.example.demo.aspect.CustomService#echo line:18 (业务代码中抛出异常的地方)
效果描述
启动项目后直接用GET请求访问本地http://localhost:8080/home/echo
,你会发现断点的执行顺序是 org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport#invokeWithinTransaction line:388
– com.example.demo.aspect.CustomAspect#around line:24
– com.example.demo.aspect.CustomService#echo line:18
– com.example.demo.aspect.CustomAspect#around line:26
– org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport#invokeWithinTransaction line:407
现象:同时有环绕通知和事务时,在业务代码中抛出的异常会先被环绕通知处理,所以后面事务会正常提交而不会回滚。
现实情况
现实中,我们很多人喜欢用环绕通知处理一些通用逻辑,那为什么没有出现bug呢?这里我列举下,环绕通知的常见使用场景如下。
- 打日志
- 流控
这些场景的共同特点是它们都是在入口层(也就是Web层)做的环绕通知,而我们通常不会把所有逻辑都写在入口层(如果你真的这么做了,我相信Code Review不会通过),而是有一个逻辑处理层(也就是service层)对入口层的数据进行专门处理。因此,我们的事务注解也大都标注在逻辑处理层的方法上。这样看来,确实很少有上面提到的场景。(这里我们可以看到,遵守开发规范在一定程度上对开发效率是有提升的,它可以规避一些bug)
源码解读
说明: 在上面我们介绍了拦截器链的顺序是事务在前,环绕通知在后。这里解读源码的目的是为了搞清楚为什么事务的拦截器在前,环绕通知的拦截器在后。
我们知道事务和环绕通知的最终实现都是通过 AOP,而 spring 默认的 AOP构造类就是 org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy
,通过getProxy()
完成构造,而getCallbacks()
就是构造的关键,可以看到关键代码在DynamicAdvisedInterceptor
中,在这个类中完成了拦截器链的构造。(代码就不展示AOP代码了,这里涉及到AOP的太多知识,有兴趣的可以联系我,我可以单独讲讲)。
/**
* General purpose AOP callback. Used when the target is dynamic or when the
* proxy is not frozen.
*/
private static class DynamicAdvisedInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, Serializable {
private final AdvisedSupport advised;
public DynamicAdvisedInterceptor(AdvisedSupport advised) {
this.advised = advised;
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object intercept(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
Object oldProxy = null;
boolean setProxyContext = false;
Object target = null;
TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.getTargetSource();
try {
if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
// Make invocation available if necessary.
oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
setProxyContext = true;
}
// Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target, in case it comes from a pool...
target = targetSource.getTarget();
Class<?> targetClass = (target != null ? target.getClass() : null);
List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
Object retVal;
// Check whether we only have one InvokerInterceptor: that is,
// no real advice, but just reflective invocation of the target.
if (chain.isEmpty() && Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
// We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly.
// Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor, so we know
// it does nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot
// swapping or fancy proxying.
Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
retVal = methodProxy.invoke(target, argsToUse);
}
else {
// We need to create a method invocation...
retVal = new CglibMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain, methodProxy).proceed();
}
retVal = processReturnType(proxy, target, method, retVal);
return retVal;
}
finally {
if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
}
if (setProxyContext) {
// Restore old proxy.
AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
return (this == other ||
(other instanceof DynamicAdvisedInterceptor &&
this.advised.equals(((DynamicAdvisedInterceptor) other).advised)));
}
/**
* CGLIB uses this to drive proxy creation.
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return this.advised.hashCode();
}
}
上面可以看到拦截器链是通过this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
来构造的,最终其实走到org.springframework.aop.framework.DefaultAdvisorChainFactory#getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice
,简化后的代码如下。
public class DefaultAdvisorChainFactory implements AdvisorChainFactory, Serializable {
@Override
public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
Advised config, Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
// This is somewhat tricky... We have to process introductions first,
// but we need to preserve order in the ultimate list.
AdvisorAdapterRegistry registry = GlobalAdvisorAdapterRegistry.getInstance();
Advisor[] advisors = config.getAdvisors();
List<Object> interceptorList = new ArrayList<>(advisors.length);
Class<?> actualClass = (targetClass != null ? targetClass : method.getDeclaringClass());
Boolean hasIntroductions = null;
for (Advisor advisor : advisors) {
if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
// Add it conditionally.
PointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
if (config.isPreFiltered() || pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
MethodMatcher mm = pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getMethodMatcher();
boolean match;
if (mm instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {
if (hasIntroductions == null) {
hasIntroductions = hasMatchingIntroductions(advisors, actualClass);
}
match = ((IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) mm).matches(method, actualClass, hasIntroductions);
}
else {
match = mm.matches(method, actualClass);
}
if (match) {
MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
if (mm.isRuntime()) {
// Creating a new object instance in the getInterceptors() method
// isn't a problem as we normally cache created chains.
for (MethodInterceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
interceptorList.add(new InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher(interceptor, mm));
}
}
else {
interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
}
}
}
}
else {
Interceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
}
}
return interceptorList;
}
}
可以看到,最终还是通过Ioc中的org.springframework.aop.Advisor
来得到最终的拦截器链。代码里面是遍历 Advisor,判断是否符合条件,把符合条件的拦截器放入最终结果。因此 Advisor 的相对顺序和拦截器链的相对顺序是一致的。
而在SpringBoot启动的时候,会通过spring.factories中配置的相对顺序来自动装配模块。Aop先于事务装载,在装载Aspectj相关模块时会将org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator
注册到IOC容器中。当装配事务时,也向IOC容器中注入了org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor
。在通过Aop生成的Advisor时,会通过org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#findCandidateAdvisors
来找所有的 Advisor,而此时还在IOC刷新阶段,只有事务注册了Advisor,因此会先加载事务相关的Advisor。(详细代码在org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator#findCandidateAdvisors
有兴趣的可以自行查阅)。而到DI时再去生成拦截器链时,就会发现事务的拦截器永远在最前面
推荐读物
《Spring 技术内幕》 – 计文柯
这本书我反复读了3遍以上。虽然书是12年出版的,基于Spring Framework 4.X 进行讲解,版本有些旧。但是,当你读完这本书再去看 Spring Framework 5.x 你会发现书上讲的spring核心思想在最新版本中并没有发生太多变化,只是有了些增强。在我们对Spring核心还不太了解的时候如果直接上手最新版本可能会有些复杂,因为有很多优化实现,这样容易让我们陷入细节太深不太能看到系统的全貌。