Golang 的 struct,map,json 互转
本文用于记录我在
golang
学习阶段遇到的类型转换问题,针对的是json
、map
、struct
之间相互转换的问题,用到的技术json
、mapstructure
、reflect
三个类库
公共代码区域
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"testing"
)
type UserInfoVo struct {
Id string `json:"id"`
UserName string `json:"user_name"`
Address []AddressVo `json:"address"`
}
type AddressVo struct {
Address string `json:"address"`
}
var beforeMap = map[string]interface{}{
"id": "123",
"user_name": "酒窝猪",
"address": []map[string]interface{}{{"address": "address01"}, {"address": "address02"}},
}
var User UserInfoVo
func init() {
User = UserInfoVo{
Id: "01",
UserName: "酒窝猪",
Address: []AddressVo{
{
Address: "湖南",
},
{
Address: "北京",
},
},
}
}
一、map, struct 互转
1.map 转 struct
map
转struct
有两种方式1.是通过第三方包
github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure
2.通过
map
转json
,再通过json
转struct
第三方包 mapstructure
下载依赖,通过第三方依赖进行转换
go get github.com/goinggo/mapstructure
func TestMapToStructByMod(t *testing.T) {
var afterStruct =UserInfoVo{}
before := time.Now()
err := mapstructure.Decode(beforeMap, &afterStruct)
if err!=nil{
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Printf("result:%+v \n",time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("result:%+v \n",afterStruct)
}
result:61.757µs
result:{Id:123 UserName: Address:[{Address:address01} {Address:address02}]}
--- PASS: TestMapToStructByMod (0.00s)
PASS
通过 JSON 进行转换
先将
map
转换成JSON
,再通过 JSON 转换成struct
操作有点繁琐
func TestMapToStructByJson(t *testing.T) {
beforeMap := map[string]interface {}{
"id":"123",
"user_name":"酒窝猪",
"address":[]map[string]interface{}{{"address": "address01"}, {"address": "address02"}},
}
var afterStruct =UserInfoVo{}
before := time.Now()
marshal, err := json.Marshal(beforeMap)
if err!=nil{
fmt.Println("marshal:",err)
return
}
err = json.Unmarshal(marshal, &afterStruct)
if err!=nil{
fmt.Println("unmarshal:",err)
return
}
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("resutlt: %+v",afterStruct)
}
134.299µs
resutlt: {Id:123 UserName:酒窝猪 Address:[{Address:address01} {Address:address02}]}--- PASS: TestMapToStructByJson (0.00s)
PASS
总结
问题:
论性能哪个更佳?
根据结果答案
使用
JSON
需要时间是 134.299µs使用 mapstructure 需要时间是 61.757µs
结果是使用第三方包
mapstructure
性能更好,那么,是因为什么呢?暂且按下不表
2、struct 转 map
JSON 序列化转换
先将 struct 转换成字节数组,再将字节数组转换成 map 打印
func TestStructToMapByJson(t *testing.T) {
var resultMap interface{}
before := time.Now()
jsonMarshal, _ := json.Marshal(User)
err := json.Unmarshal(jsonMarshal, &resultMap)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%+v",resultMap)
}
158.857µs
map[address:[map[address:湖南] map[address:北京]] id:01 user_name:酒窝猪]--- PASS: TestStructToMapByJson (0.00s)
PASS
通过反射转换
通过反射获取 User 的类型与值
func TestStructToMapByReflect(t *testing.T) {
var resultMap = make(map[string]interface{},10)
before := time.Now()
ty:=reflect.TypeOf(User)
v:=reflect.ValueOf(User)
for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
resultMap[strings.ToLower(ty.Field(i).Name)]=v.Field(i).Interface()
}
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%+v",resultMap)
}
13.965µs
map[address:[{Address:湖南} {Address:北京}] id:01 username:酒窝猪]--- PASS: TestStructToMapByReflect (0.00s)
PASS
总结
问题:论性能哪个更佳?
答案是使用反射的效果更快点,没有那么多繁琐的转换,记住在
make
中进行初始化大小,我试了下,不指定大小与指定大小时间上有 3~4µs 的区别网络上还有一种方法是使用
structs
包,不过我看了下,该依赖包已经三年没更新了
二、struct, json 互转
1. struct 转 json
func TestStructToJsonByJson(t *testing.T) {
before := time.Now()
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(User)
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%s", marshal)
}
116.068µs
{"id":"01","user_name":"酒窝猪","address":[{"address":"湖南"},{"address":"北京"}]}--- PASS: TestStructToJsonByJson (0.00s)
PASS
2.json 转 struct
func TestJsonToStructByJson(t *testing.T) {
info:=UserInfoVo{}
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(User)
before := time.Now()
json.Unmarshal(marshal,&info)
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%+v",info)
}
23.009µs
{Id:01 UserName:酒窝猪 Address:[{Address:湖南} {Address:北京}]}--- PASS: TestJsonToStructByJson (0.00s)
PASS
三、map, json 互转
1.map 转 json
func TestMapToJson(t *testing.T) {
before := time.Now()
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(beforeMap)
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%s", marshal)
}
75.133µs
{"address":[{"address":"address01"},{"address":"address02"}],"id":"123","user_name":"酒窝猪"}--- PASS: TestMapToJson (0.00s)
PASS
2.json 转 map
func TestJsonToMap(t *testing.T) {
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(beforeMap)
resultMap:=make(map[string]interface{},10)
before := time.Now()
json.Unmarshal(marshal,&resultMap)
fmt.Println(time.Since(before))
fmt.Printf("%+v", resultMap)
}
28.728µs
map[address:[map[address:address01] map[address:address02]] id:123 user_name:酒窝猪]--- PASS: TestJsonToMap (0.00s)
PASS
总结
三者之间的转换更多的是关于如果使用
json
内库,只有在map
转struct
使用了mapstructure
,struct
转map
使用了反射,其他转换,更多的是使用json
内置库进行转换