先来定义一个Human父类
定义部分
//
// Human.h
// OOP
//
// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.
// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Human : NSObject {
BOOL sex;
}
+(void) toString;
-(void) showSex;
@end
注：+(void)前的加号，就表示这一个是类方法(static 方法)，而-(void)表示这是一个实例方法
实现部分：
注意：下面的 -(id) init 即为构造函数。对应的，还有一个-(void)dealloc方法用来释放资源（类似于析构函数或c#中的dispose()方法）-注：dealloc方法以后在内存管理中详细学习，这里先不管它。
//
// Human.m
// OOP
//
// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.
// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.
//
#import "Human.h"
@implementation Human
//构造函数
-(id) init
{
NSLog(@"init() in Human is called");
sex = TRUE;
return(self);
}
//static类方法
+ (void)toString
{
NSLog(@"this is a class method of Human");
}
//实例方法
- (void)showSex
{
NSLog(@"my sex is %@",sex?@"MALE":@"FEMALE");
}
@end
再来定义一个Woman子类
定义部分：
//
// Woman.h
// OOP
//
// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.
// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Human.h"
@interface Woman : Human {
BOOL married;
}
-(void) canCook:(NSString*) foodName;
-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m;
-(BOOL) Married;
@end
实现部分：
注意下面的：setMarried 与 Married 就是obj-C中属性的标准写法(当然以后还能看到其它简化的写法)
//
// Woman.m
// OOP
//
// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.
// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.
//
#import "Woman.h"
@implementation Woman
//Woman类的构造函数
-(id) init{
NSLog(@"init() in Woman is called!");
if (self==[super init]){
sex = FALSE;
married = FALSE;
}
return (self);
}
//overwrite父类中的toString()
+(void)toString
{
NSLog(@"This is Woman's ToString()");
}
//Woman能做饭
-(void)canCook:(NSString*) foodName
{
NSLog(@"I can cook %@",foodName);
}
//属性的setter
-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m
{
married = m;
}
//属性的getter
-(BOOL) Married
{
return married;
}
@end
main方法中的调用：
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Human.h"
#import "Woman.h"
int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// insert code here...
NSLog(@"Hello, World!");
//调用类的“静态”方法
[Human toString];
NSLog(@"----------------");
//创造一个Human的实例
Human *man = [Human new];
//调用man的showSex方法
[man showSex];
NSLog(@"----------------");
//定义一个Woman子类的实例
Woman *wife = [Woman new];
[wife canCook:@"Rice"];
//调用继承自父类的方法
[wife showSex];
//设置属性
[wife setMarried:TRUE];
//读取属性值
NSLog(@"wife's married = %@",wife.Married==NO?@"FALSE":@"TRUE");
NSLog(@"----------------");
//调用overwrite后的toString方法
[Woman toString];
//Factory模式中常用的手法，在这里依然适用(只不过编译时会有警告 'Human' may not respond to '-canCook:')
Human *wife2 = [Woman new];
[wife2 canCook:@"soap"];
NSLog(@"----------------");
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
运行结果：
2011-02-09 17:01:02.016 OOP[1725:a0f] Hello, World!
2011-02-09 17:01:02.053 OOP[1725:a0f] this is a class method of Human
2011-02-09 17:01:02.062 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------
2011-02-09 17:01:02.075 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called
2011-02-09 17:01:02.091 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is MALE
2011-02-09 17:01:02.094 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------
2011-02-09 17:01:02.099 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!
2011-02-09 17:01:02.104 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called
2011-02-09 17:01:02.105 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook Rice
2011-02-09 17:01:02.108 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is FEMALE
2011-02-09 17:01:02.109 OOP[1725:a0f] wife's married = TRUE
2011-02-09 17:01:02.111 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------
2011-02-09 17:01:02.116 OOP[1725:a0f] This is Woman's ToString()
2011-02-09 17:01:02.120 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!
2011-02-09 17:01:02.121 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called
2011-02-09 17:01:02.123 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook soap
2011-02-09 17:01:02.125 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------
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