在上一篇的整体了解后,该篇则对应了快速上手,入门示例当然仍旧是Hello world,该一阶段不需要深究代码,所要求的的目的是先跑通,再回顾代码,然后分析需要什么知识,再去学什么.
1.Maven配置
首先是三个依赖包
<properties>
<grpc.version>1.0.3</grpc.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-netty</artifactId>
<version>${grpc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId>
<version>${grpc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.grpc</groupId>
<artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId>
<version>${grpc.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>接着是转换工具
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1.Final</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.5.0</version>
<configuration>
<protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.1.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
<pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
<pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${grpc.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
<goal>compile-custom</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>2.编写proto文件
在main目录下建立一个proto文件夹,然后在里面建立hello.proto,内容如下:
syntax = "proto3";
option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "io.grpc.examples.helloworld";
option java_outer_classname = "HelloWorldProto";
option objc_class_prefix = "HLW";
package helloworld;// The greeting service definition.service Greeter { // Sends a greeting
rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}// The request message containing the user's name.message HelloRequest { string name = 1;
}// The response message containing the greetingsmessage HelloReply { string message = 1;
}接下来执行 mvn compile,就会生成如下代码,如果未被标记为源代码目录的话,就右键标记下:
Paste_Image.png
3.编写服务端代码
public class HelloWorldServer { private int port = 50051; private Server server; /**
* 启动服务
* @throws IOException
*/
private void start() throws IOException {
server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port)
.addService(new GreeterImpl())
.build()
.start();
System.out.println("service start...");
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() { @Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("*** shutting down gRPC server since JVM is shutting down");
HelloWorldServer.this.stop();
System.err.println("*** server shut down");
}
});
} private void stop() { if (server != null) {
server.shutdown();
}
} // block 一直到退出程序
private void blockUntilShutdown() throws InterruptedException { if (server != null) {
server.awaitTermination();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException { final HelloWorldServer server = new HelloWorldServer();
server.start();
server.blockUntilShutdown();
} // 实现 定义一个实现服务接口的类
private class GreeterImpl extends GreeterGrpc.GreeterImplBase { public void sayHello(HelloRequest req, StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver) { //获取参数
System.out.println("收到的信息:"+req.getName()); //这里可以放置具体业务处理代码 start
//这里可以放置具体业务处理代码 end
//构造返回
HelloReply reply = HelloReply.newBuilder().setMessage(("Hello: " + req.getName())).build();
responseObserver.onNext(reply);
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
}
}4.编写客户端代码
public class HelloWorldClient { private final ManagedChannel channel; //一个gRPC信道
private final GreeterGrpc.GreeterBlockingStub blockingStub;//阻塞/同步 存根
//初始化信道和存根
public HelloWorldClient(String host,int port){ this(ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host, port) // Channels are secure by default (via SSL/TLS). For the example we disable TLS to avoid
// needing certificates.
.usePlaintext(true));
} /** Construct client for accessing RouteGuide server using the existing channel. */
private HelloWorldClient(ManagedChannelBuilder<?> channelBuilder) {
channel = channelBuilder.build();
blockingStub = GreeterGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
} public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
channel.shutdown().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} //客户端方法
public void greet(String name){
HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build();
HelloReply response; try {
response = blockingStub.sayHello(request);
} catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
System.out.println("RPC调用失败:"+e.getMessage()); return;
}
System.out.println("服务器返回信息:"+response.getMessage());
} public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
HelloWorldClient client = new HelloWorldClient("127.0.0.1",50051); try { for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
client.greet("world:"+i);
}
}finally {
client.shutdown();
}
}
}5.测试
服务端启动后,客户端访问
客户端:
Paste_Image.png
服务端:
Paste_Image.png
6.回顾分析
这一环节很重要,要对这个HelloWorld的Demo了解为什么跑通了.
回顾下在这个过程中做了哪些事情?
1.首先maven引入了三个依赖,分别是grpc-netty,grpc-protobuf,grpc-stub.应该是通讯,序列化,客户端调用三部分的东西吧.最后在build里面引入了一堆东西.
2.写proto文件,大概就是定义了一个服务接口的输入输出类型,然后利用build里面的工具,生成一堆代码.
//指定proto3格式syntax = "proto3";//一些生成代码的设置option java_multiple_files = true;
option java_package = "io.grpc.examples.helloworld";
option java_outer_classname = "HelloWorldProto";
option objc_class_prefix = "HLW";
package helloworld;//定义了一个serviceservice Greeter { rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}//定义了一个消息请求体message HelloRequest { string name = 1;
}//定义了一个消息回复体message HelloReply { string message = 1;
}3.编写服务端
服务端有如下代码,可以看出这个接口和proto里面定义的接口是一致的.
private class GreeterImpl extends GreeterGrpc.GreeterImplBase{ public void sayHello(HelloRequest req, StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver) {};
}然后使用如下代码把该service绑定,
server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port) .addService(new GreeterImpl()) .build() .start();
4.编写客户端代码
客户端通过如下方法创建了一个通信信道,然后和一个阻塞同步的通讯工具blockingStub.
//初始化信道和存根
public HelloWorldClient(String host,int port){ this(ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host, port)
.usePlaintext(true));
} private HelloWorldClient(ManagedChannelBuilder<?> channelBuilder) {
channel = channelBuilder.build();
blockingStub = GreeterGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
}然后通过该blockingStub调用服务端方法.
//客户端方法
public void greet(String name){
HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build();
HelloReply response; try {
response = blockingStub.sayHello(request);
} catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
System.out.println("RPC调用失败:"+e.getMessage()); return;
}
System.out.println("服务器返回信息:"+response.getMessage());
}接下来很自然的就去学proto3的一些相关知识了.
作者：此博废弃_更新在个人博客
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/46d600e5a1b1
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