Glide--------Golang依赖包解决工具之错误实践-原创手记-慕课网

1. 背景

不论是开发Java还是你正在学习的Golang，都会遇到依赖管理问题。Java有牛逼轰轰的Maven和Gradle。 Golang亦有godep、govendor、glide、gvt、gopack等等，本文主要给大家介绍gilde。 glide是Golang的包管理工具，是为了解决Golang依赖问题的。为什么需要glide？原因很简单，Go 语言原生包管理的缺陷。罗列一下golang的 get 子命令管理依赖有很多大缺陷：

* 能拉取源码的平台很有限，绝大多数依赖的是 github.com

* 不能区分版本，以至于令开发者以最后一项包名作为版本划分

* 依赖列表/关系无法持久化到本地，需要找出所有依赖包然后一个个 go get

* 只能依赖本地全局仓库（GOPATH/GOROOT），无法将库放置于局部仓库（$PROJECT_HOME/vendor）

2. Error问题

项目中使用到了golang.org/x/crypto/ssh包，而由于国内网络原因，无法直接下载，需要提前从github.com/golang/crypto下载然后放到指定位置

* 项目中glide依赖初始化

[lisea@lisea test]$ glide init

[INFO] Generating a YAML configuration file and guessing the dependencies

[INFO] Attempting to import from other package managers (use --skip-import to skip)

[INFO] Scanning code to look for dependencies

[INFO] --> Found reference to github.com/pkg/sftp

[INFO] --> Found reference to golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

[INFO] Writing configuration file (glide.yaml)

[INFO] Would you like Glide to help you find ways to improve your glide.yaml configuration?

[INFO] If you want to revisit this step you can use the config-wizard command at any time.

[INFO] Yes (Y) or No (N)?

[INFO] Loading mirrors from mirrors.yaml file

[INFO] Looking for dependencies to make suggestions on

[INFO] --> Scanning for dependencies not using version ranges

[INFO] --> Scanning for dependencies using commit ids

[INFO] Gathering information on each dependency

[INFO] --> This may take a moment. Especially on a codebase with many dependencies

[INFO] --> Gathering release information for dependencies

[INFO] --> Looking for dependency imports where versions are commit ids

[INFO] Here are some suggestions...

[INFO] The package github.com/pkg/sftp appears to have Semantic Version releases (http://semver.org).

[INFO] The latest release is 1.2.0. You are currently not using a release. Would you like

[INFO] to use this release? Yes (Y) or No (N)

[INFO] Would you like to remember the previous decision and apply it to future

[INFO] dependencies? Yes (Y) or No (N)

[INFO] Updating github.com/pkg/sftp to use the release 1.2.0 instead of no release

[INFO] The package github.com/pkg/sftp appears to use semantic versions (http://semver.org).

[INFO] Would you like to track the latest minor or patch releases (major.minor.patch)?

[INFO] Tracking minor version releases would use '>= 1.2.0, < 2.0.0' ('^1.2.0'). Tracking patch version

[INFO] releases would use '>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0' ('~1.2.0'). For more information on Glide versions

[INFO] and ranges see https://glide.sh/docs/versions

[INFO] Minor (M), Patch (P), or Skip Ranges (S)?

[INFO] Would you like to remember the previous decision and apply it to future

[INFO] dependencies? Yes (Y) or No (N)

[INFO] Updating github.com/pkg/sftp to use the range ~1.2.0 instead of commit id 1.2.0

[INFO] Configuration changes have been made. Would you like to write these

[INFO] changes to your configuration file? Yes (Y) or No (N)

[INFO] Writing updates to configuration file (glide.yaml)

[INFO] You can now edit the glide.yaml file.:

[INFO] --> For more information on versions and ranges see https://glide.sh/docs/versions/

[INFO] --> For details on additional metadata see https://glide.sh/docs/glide.yaml/

* 初始化后生成的依赖如下:(glide.yaml)

[lisea@lisea test]$ cat glide.yaml

package: test

import:

- package: github.com/pkg/sftp

version: ~1.2.0

- package: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

* glide安装依赖[ERROR报错]

[lisea@lisea test]$ glide install

[INFO] Loading mirrors from mirrors.yaml file

[INFO] Lock file (glide.lock) does not exist. Performing update.

[INFO] Loading mirrors from mirrors.yaml file

[INFO] Downloading dependencies. Please wait...

[INFO] --> Fetching golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

[INFO] --> Fetching updates for github.com/pkg/sftp

[WARN] Unable to checkout golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

[ERROR] Update failed for golang.org/x/crypto/ssh: Cannot detect VCS

[ERROR] Failed to do initial checkout of config: Cannot detect VCS

3. ERROR解决

经通过度娘查询一圈发现，十个结果九个一样内容（在此鄙视抓内容的站点和纯copy的博主三秒种），最后在glide开源点github上的issue上找到解决方式

* 修改glide生成的glide.yaml文件

package: test

import:

- package: github.com/pkg/sftp

version: ~1.2.0

- package: golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

修改为：

package: test

import:

- package: github.com/pkg/sftp

version: ~1.2.0

- package: golang.org/x/crypto

subpackages:

- ssh

* 重新更新下载依赖

[lisea@lisea test]$ glide up

[INFO] Loading mirrors from mirrors.yaml file

[INFO] Downloading dependencies. Please wait...

[INFO] --> Fetching updates for golang.org/x/crypto

[INFO] --> Fetching updates for github.com/pkg/sftp

[INFO] --> Detected semantic version. Setting version for github.com/pkg/sftp to 1.2.0

[INFO] Resolving imports

[INFO] --> Fetching updates for github.com/kr/fs

[INFO] --> Fetching updates for github.com/pkg/errors

[INFO] Downloading dependencies. Please wait...

[INFO] Setting references for remaining imports

[INFO] Exporting resolved dependencies...

[INFO] --> Exporting github.com/pkg/errors

[INFO] --> Exporting github.com/pkg/sftp

[INFO] --> Exporting golang.org/x/crypto

[INFO] --> Exporting github.com/kr/fs

[INFO] Replacing existing vendor dependencies

[INFO] Project relies on 4 dependencies.

successfully 成功解决

4. 总结

以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。