Unity是微软在CodePlex上的一个开源项目，可用于依赖注入、控制反转，类似Spring，下面是使用示例：
1.先来定义几个接口、类
1 namespace UnityTest
2 {
3 public interface IRun
4 {
5 void Run();
6 }
7 }1 namespace UnityTest
2 {
3 public class Pet
4 {
5 public string Name { set; get; }
6 }
7 } 1 using System;
2
3 namespace UnityTest
4 {
5 public class Cat : Pet, IRun
6 {
7 public void Run()
8 {
9 Console.WriteLine("A cat is runing...");
10 }
11 }
12 } 1 using System;
2
3 namespace UnityTest
4 {
5 public class Dog : Pet, IRun
6 {
7 public void Run()
8 {
9 Console.WriteLine("A dog is runing...");
10 }
11 }
12 } 1 namespace UnityTest.Model
2 {
3 public class Person
4 {
5 IRun iRun;
6
7 public Person(IRun iRun)
8 {
9 this.iRun = iRun;
10 }
11
12 public void HiWeGo()
13 {
14 iRun.Run();
15 }
16 }
17 }2、创建对象实例
1 using System;
2 using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
3 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
4
5 namespace UnityTest
6 {
7 class Program
8 {
9 static void Main(string[] args)
10 {
11 var container = new UnityContainer();
12 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>(); //注册类型，并将IRun映射到Dog
13 var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>(); //创建一个IRun实例，实际上就是Dog
14 (dog1 as Dog).Name = "buddy";
15 Console.WriteLine("a dog is born，his name is \"{0}\"", (dog1 as Dog).Name); //a dog is born，his name is "buddy"
16 Console.Read();
17 }
18 }
19 }3、使用标识符
当IRun同时有多个实例类要注入时，如果没有标识来区别，创建出来的实例“类型”就没办法显示指定。
1 var container = new UnityContainer(); 2 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>() 3 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>(); 4 var run = container.Resolve<IRun>();//这里的run实例，是cat，还是dog ? 5 Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Cat
1 var container = new UnityContainer();
2 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType")
3 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("catType");
4 var run = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");//明确指示，我要一个dog
5 Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Dog4、创建单例
1 var container = new UnityContainer();
2 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogTypeSingle", new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager())//dogTypeSingle为单例模式
3 .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType");
4
5 var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");
6 var dog2 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");
7
8 Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog1, dog2));//True
9 Console.WriteLine(dog1.GetHashCode() == dog2.GetHashCode());//True 说明dog1与dog2是同一个对象
10
11 var dog3 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");
12 var dog4 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");
13 Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog3, dog4));//False
14 Console.WriteLine(dog3.GetHashCode() == dog4.GetHashCode());//False 说明dog3与dog4是不同的对象5、依赖注入
构造器自动注入
1 var container = new UnityContainer(); 2 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>(); 3 var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>(); 4 personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...
构造器也可以结合标识符显示注入
1 var container = new UnityContainer();
2 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog")
3 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat")
4 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDog", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("dog")))
5 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithCat", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")));
6
7 var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDog");
8 personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...
9 var personWithCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithCat");
10 personWithCat.HiWeGo();//A cat is runing...
11 Console.Read();使用InjectionConstructor特性注入
为了演示[InjectionConstructor]特性，先改造一下Person类
1 using System.Collections.Generic;
2 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
3 namespace UnityTest
4 {
5 public class Person
6 {
7 private List<IRun> pets;
8
9 public Person()
10 {
11 pets = new List<IRun>();
12 }
13
14 [InjectionConstructor]
15 public Person(IRun iRun):this()
16 {
17 pets.Add(iRun);
18 }
19
20 public Person(IRun iRun1,IRun iRun2):this()
21 {
22 pets.Add(iRun1);
23 pets.Add(iRun2);
24 }
25
26
27 public void HiWeGo()
28 {
29 foreach (var pet in pets)
30 {
31 pet.Run();
32 }
33 }
34 }
35 }测试一下：
1 var container = new UnityContainer();
2
3 container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog") //注册一个带标识的dog类型
4 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat") //注册一个带标识的cat类型
5 .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>() //不指定标识，即默认IRun的实例为dog
6 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat",
7 new InjectionConstructor(
8 container.Resolve<IRun>("dog"),
9 container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")
10 )//显示将二个参数的构造方法注册到容器中
11 );
12
13
14 var person = container.Resolve<Person>();//自动调用有InjectionConstructor标记的构造方法
15 person.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...
16
17
18 Console.WriteLine("---------------");
19
20 var personWithDogAndCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat");//显式调用在容器中注册过的构造方法
21 personWithDogAndCat.HiWeGo();
22 //A dog is runing...
23 //A cat is runing...
24
25 Console.Read();
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