一、前言
Android中的Mvp模式也不是什么新概念了,网上也有许关于Mvp的案例,但是感觉很多写得还是不够清晰,并且大多实际的项目涉及到数据绑定以及响应式编程的东西,给许多刚想了解Mvp架构的朋友带来了不必要的理解难度。Android也是丢了很长一段时间,平日里逛这些社区时,这些关于架构的概念还是接触了不少,但是“纸上识来终觉浅,要知此事需躬行”,所以这里我写篇博客总结一下。
二、介绍
MVP作为现在android最主流的架构,还是在很多方面有着优势的。在传统的模式中,本该为视图层的却是非常臃肿的,在activity或者fragment中,既做了数据的绑定,又进行了网络的请求和Ui的更新。而在MVP模式中就对这一点做了很好的解耦,这里也还是拿一张图来看看
很显然MVP,也就是分为三层,其中View层只负责视图的显示以及更新,Model只负责数据的获取(如网络请求等),而Presenter层则是负责View和Model通信的桥梁,接收model请求的结果后返回给View,或者接收View层的信息后到Model层进行请求,以及其它的一些逻辑,这样一来Presenter层就是纯java代码。
优点
这样一来,就很好的体现了单一职责的原则,并且严格分为三层,即使后期业务变多,结构仍然清晰,非常利于项目后期的维护,当有新的需求时,只需将相关的需求写在接口,然后实现这个接口,无需顾及之前的结构,免去几方面去调整的头痛。另外,还能更好的对接口代码进行单元测试。
缺点以及解决的一些办法
使用Mvp模式去构建项目,会造成类文件和接口文件的过多,进而增大包的体积。这里的话,可以采用官方的做法,写一个Contract接口,然后把与Mvp三层的相关接口全部列入到里面去,类似下面这种。
public interface Contract {
public interface IModel {
xxx;
xxx;
}
public interface IPresenter {
xxx;
xxx;
}
public interface IView {
xxx;
xxx;
}
}
除此之外,就是内存泄漏的问题。用户关闭了View层,但这时Model层如果仍然在进行耗时操作,因为Presenter层也持有View层的引用,所以造成垃圾回收器无法对View层进行回收,这样一来,就造成了内存泄漏。这里可以重写onDestroy()方法,在View销毁时强制回收掉Presenter;还有一个解决办法就是采用弱引用的方式,如下
WeakReference<xxx> refrence = new WeakRefrence<>(this);
// 使用时直接 就能获得对象的引用
reference.get();
然后在引用进行引用之前,都需要判断引用不为空,以防止空指针异常。
三、实际案例
这里使用XRecyclerView进行上拉加载和下拉刷新,使用AsyncTask进行异步请求。这里就还是分开了来写
首先是Model接口
public interface ICommonModel {
/**
* 传入List和当前页数
* @param
* @param pageIndex
*/
void getData(int pageIndex,RequestResult result);
/**
* 记录数量
* @return
*/
int count();
/**
* 请求接口的回调
* @param <T>
*/
public interface RequestResult<T> {
void onStart();
void onSuccess(List<T> beanList);
void onFailure();
void onEnd();
}
}
model的实现
public class HomeCircleModelImpl implements ICommonModel {
private static int count = 0;
private JSONArray results;
private ICommonModel.RequestResult<HomeCircleBean> result;
private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;
@Override
public void getData(int pageIndex, RequestResult result) {
this.result = result;
new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+pageIndex);
}
@Override
public int count() {
return count;
}
/**
* 异步加载Json数据
*/
class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
result.onStart();
}
@Override
protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
String data = response.getData().toString();
try {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
results = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Gson gson = new Gson();
circleBeanList =
gson.fromJson(results.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
}.getType());
return circleBeanList;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);
if (homeCircleBeans != null) {
result.onSuccess(homeCircleBeans);
} else {
result.onFailure();
}
result.onEnd();
}
}
}
然后是Presenter接口
public interface IHomeCirclePresenter {
/**
* 刷新
*/
void onRefresh();
/**
* 加载更多
*/
void onLoadMore();
}
Presenter实现类
public class HomeCirclePresenter implements ICommonPresenter {
public static CircleListAdapter adapter;
private ICommonModel circleModel;
private ICommonView circleView;
private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanLists;
public HomeCirclePresenter(ICommonModel circleModel, ICommonView circleView) {
this.circleModel = circleModel;
this.circleView = circleView;
this.circleBeanLists = new ArrayList<>();
adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleBeanLists);
}
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
circleBeanLists.clear();
mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {
@Override
public void onStart() {
circleView.showLoading();
}
@Override
public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
}
@Override
public void onFailure() {
}
@Override
public void onEnd() {
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
circleView.hideLoading();
}
});
}
@Override
public void onLoadMore() {
mCurrentPageIndex++;
circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {
@Override
public void onStart() {
circleView.showLoading();
}
@Override
public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
if (adapter.getItemCount() >= circleModel.count()) {
circleView.noMoreData();
} else {
circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure() {
}
@Override
public void onEnd() {
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
circleView.hideLoading();
}
});
}
}
最后是View接口
public interface ICommonView {
/**
* 显示进度
*/
void showLoading();
/**
* 隐藏进度
*/
void hideLoading();
/**
* 数据加载完成
*/
void noMoreData();
}
实现类
public class HomeCircleView extends BaseFragment implements ICommonView {
private Dialog dialog;
private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private View mView;
private ICommonPresenter presenter;
private ICommonModel model;
@Override
public int setResourceLayoutId() {
return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
}
@Override
public int setRecyclerViewId() {
return R.id.mRecyclerView;
}
@Override
public void initView() {
mView = getmView();
model = new HomeCircleModelImpl();
WeakReference<HomeCircleView> reference = new WeakReference<>(this);
presenter = new HomeCirclePresenter(model,reference.get());
}
@Override
public void initListener() {
mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
refreshData();
}
@Override
public void onLoadMore() {
loadMoreData();
}
});
}
@Override
public void refreshData() {
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
presenter.onRefresh();
mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
}
},500);
}
private void loadMoreData() {
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
presenter.onLoadMore();
mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
}
},500);
}
@Override
public void showLoading() {
dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),"正在努力...加载中~");
dialog.show();
}
@Override
public void hideLoading() {
dialog.dismiss();
}
@Override
public void noMoreData() {
mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
}
}
然后看看传统模式
public class HomeCircleFragment extends BaseFragment {
public static final String SEARCH_CIRCLE_RESULTS = "search_circle_result";
private View mView;
private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private CircleListAdapter adapter;
private List<HomeCircleBean> circleList = new ArrayList<>();
private HomeCircleBean circleBean;
private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
private HomeCircleAsyncTask asyncTask;
private JSONArray result;
private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;
private int count;
private Dialog dialog;
@Override
public int setResourceLayoutId() {
return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
}
@Override
public int setRecyclerViewId() {
return R.id.mRecyclerView;
}
@Override
public void initView() {
mView = getmView();
dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),getString(R.string.common_loading));
adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleList);
}
@Override
public void initListener() {
mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
refreshData();
}
@Override
public void onLoadMore() {
loadmoreData();
}
});
}
/**
* 刷新数据
*/
@Override
public void refreshData() {
circleList.clear();
mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
}
},500);
}
private void loadmoreData() {
mCurrentPageIndex++;
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (adapter.getItemCount() >= count) {
mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
} else {
new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
}
}
},500);
}
/**
* 异步加载Json数据
*/
class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
dialog.show();
}
@Override
protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
String data = response.getData().toString();
try {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
result = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Gson gson = new Gson();
circleBeanList =
gson.fromJson(result.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
}.getType());
return circleBeanList;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);
for (HomeCircleBean circle : homeCircleBeans) {
circleBean =
new HomeCircleBean(circle.getId(), circle.getImage(), circle.getName(), circle.getDesc(),
circle.getUser(), circle.getAddress(), circle.getAdd_time());
circleList.add(circleBean);
}
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
dialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
可以比较一下这二者的区别,虽然现在看来传统模式下代码更加少,但是整体比较乱,视图,数据,请求之间的耦合度高。
因为这些代码是直接从项目抽出来的,还封装了一些东西,这里就不列出来了,后面会附上github地址,关键是具体实现需求时,对整体架构思路的清晰。
四、总结
因为有一段时间没搞android了,在实现了需求后,本想不去管了然后去学习新的东西,但是也意识到了学再多新的东西,用不到的情况下照样会忘记,来来去去实力并没有得到提升,学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆,多增加在原有基础上的优化,以增强自己的内功,所以决定把传统模式的项目用MVP重构,这里我保留了传统模式和MVP模式下的代码,以方便两者的比较学习。
总的来说,MVP使项目整体结构更加清晰,高内聚、低耦合。
那这篇博客就先到这里了。